`kube.Client` just bundles these all in one place, so we have a single object to pass around anywhere we need Kubernetes access.
Additionally, it has a fake client variant, that does the same thing but with fake clients for use in unit tests.

Aside from this, there are a few conveniences and workarounds built-in to the client to make things simpler.

  optional k8s.io.apimachinery.pkg.apis.meta.v1.ListMeta metadata = 1;

  // items is a list of schema objects.
  repeated Event items = 2;
}

// EventSeries contain information on series of events, i.e. thing that was/is happening
// continuously for some time. How often to update the EventSeries is up to the event reporters.
// The default event reporter in "k8s.io/client-go/tools/events/event_broadcaster.go" shows

  private final long totalLoadTime;

  private final long evictionCount;

  /**
   * Constructs a new {@code CacheStats} instance.
   *
   * <p>Five parameters of the same type in a row is a bad thing, but this class is not constructed
   * by end users and is too fine-grained for a builder.
   */
  @SuppressWarnings("GoodTime") // should accept a java.time.Duration
  public CacheStats(
      long hitCount,

  private final long totalLoadTime;

  private final long evictionCount;

  /**
   * Constructs a new {@code CacheStats} instance.
   *
   * <p>Five parameters of the same type in a row is a bad thing, but this class is not constructed
   * by end users and is too fine-grained for a builder.
   */
  @SuppressWarnings("GoodTime") // should accept a java.time.Duration
  public CacheStats(
      long hitCount,

  optional k8s.io.apimachinery.pkg.apis.meta.v1.ListMeta metadata = 1;

  // items is a list of schema objects.
  repeated Event items = 2;
}

// EventSeries contain information on series of events, i.e. thing that was/is happening
// continuously for some time.
message EventSeries {
  // count is the number of occurrences in this series up to the last heartbeat time.
  optional int32 count = 1;

{!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial002.py!}
```

That is not the same as declaring default values like would be with:

```Python
    first_name="john", last_name="doe"
```

It's a different thing.

We are using colons (`:`), not equals (`=`).

And adding type hints normally doesn't change what happens from what would happen without them.

    To learn more about the `Request` check <a href="https://www.starlette.io/requests/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Starlette's docs about Requests</a>.

The only thing the function returned by `GzipRequest.get_route_handler` does differently is convert the `Request` to a `GzipRequest`.

  }

  companion object {
    @JvmOverloads
    fun body(
      hex: String,
      charset: String? = null,
    ): ResponseBody {
      val mediaType = if (charset == null) null else "any/thing; charset=$charset".toMediaType()
      return hex.decodeHex().toResponseBody(mediaType)
    }

    fun exhaust(reader: Reader): String {
      val builder = StringBuilder()
      val buf = CharArray(10)

	// (e.g. LoadBalanced Service packets, etc) that need to be authenticated/captured/proxied.
	//
	// We want to do the same thing in ambient but can't rely on podSpec injection. So, do effectively the same thing,
	// but with iptables rules - use `--socket-exists` as a proxy for "is this a forwarded packet" vs "is this originating from

!!! tip
    The `shutdown` would happen when you are **stopping** the application.

    Maybe you need to start a new version, or you just got tired of running it. 🤷

### Lifespan function

The first thing to notice, is that we are defining an async function with `yield`. This is very similar to Dependencies with `yield`.

```Python hl_lines="14-19"
{!../../../docs_src/events/tutorial003.py!}
```