* remove) are supported. Null keys and values are supported.
 *
 * <p>{@code containsKey(k)}, {@code put(k, v)} and {@code remove(k)} are all (expected and
 * amortized) constant time operations. Expected in the hashtable sense (depends on the hash
 * function doing a good job of distributing the elements to the buckets to a distribution not far
 * from uniform), and amortized since some operations can trigger a hash table resize.
 *

 * elements, including {@code null}, are permitted.
 *
 * <p>{@code contains(x)}, {@code add(x)} and {@code remove(x)}, are all (expected and amortized)
 * constant time operations. Expected in the hashtable sense (depends on the hash function doing a
 * good job of distributing the elements to the buckets to a distribution not far from uniform), and
 * amortized since some operations can trigger a hash table resize.
 *

    // parseable, but the spec doesn't seem to say which exception is thrown for an invalid radix.
    // In contrast to the JVM, Kotlin native throws an Illegal argument exception in this case
    // (which seems to make more sense).
    try {
      UnsignedInts.parseUnsignedInt("0", Character.MIN_RADIX - 1);
      fail();
    } catch (NumberFormatException expected) {
    } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) {

    ```Python hl_lines="68-69  81"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/websockets/tutorial002.py!}
    ```

!!! info
    As this is a WebSocket it doesn't really make sense to raise an `HTTPException`, instead we raise a `WebSocketException`.

                and `response_model_exclude_defaults`. You probably want to use one of
                those two instead of this one, as those allow returning `None` values
                when it makes sense.

                Read more about it in the
                [FastAPI docs for Response Model - Return Type](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_exclude_none).
                """

 * <i>similar</i>.
 *
 * <h3>Nullability</h3>
 *
 * <p>A converter always converts {@code null} to {@code null} and non-null references to non-null
 * references. It would not make sense to consider {@code null} and a non-null reference to be
 * "different representations of the same information", since one is distinguishable from

    // parseable, but the spec doesn't seem to say which exception is thrown for an invalid radix.
    // In contrast to the JVM, Kotlin native throws an Illegal argument exception in this case
    // (which seems to make more sense).
    try {
      UnsignedInts.parseUnsignedInt("0", Character.MIN_RADIX - 1);
      fail();
    } catch (NumberFormatException expected) {
    } catch (IllegalArgumentException expected) {

 * <i>similar</i>.
 *
 * <h3>Nullability</h3>
 *
 * <p>A converter always converts {@code null} to {@code null} and non-null references to non-null
 * references. It would not make sense to consider {@code null} and a non-null reference to be
 * "different representations of the same information", since one is distinguishable from

        excludedPackages.add("org.gradle.platform.base.test");
        return excludedPackages;
    }

    // TODO: This doesn't really make sense to be part of the user manual generation, but it's so tied up into it
    // it's left here for a future project.
    private void generateDefaultImports(Project project, TaskContainer tasks, GradleDocumentationExtension extension) {

* Keep commits discrete. Avoid including multiple unrelated changes in a single commit.
* Keep commits self-contained. Avoid spreading a single change across multiple commits. A single commit should make sense in isolation.

### Testing changes

After making changes, you can test your code in 2 ways:

1. Run tests.