def test_app():
    test_main.test_create_existing_item()
    test_main.test_create_item()
    test_main.test_create_item_bad_token()
    test_main.test_read_nonexistent_item()
    test_main.test_read_item()

**FastAPI** will make sure to read that data from the right place instead of JSON.

!!! note "Technical Details"
    Data from forms is normally encoded using the "media type" `application/x-www-form-urlencoded`.

    But when the form includes files, it is encoded as `multipart/form-data`. You'll read about handling files in the next chapter.

from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()

reusable_oauth2 = OAuth2(
    flows={
        "password": {
            "tokenUrl": "token",
            "scopes": {"read:users": "Read the users", "write:users": "Create users"},
        }
    },
    auto_error=False,
)


class User(BaseModel):
    username: str

- Liveness probe available at `/minio/health/live`
- Cluster probe available at `/minio/health/cluster`

Read more on how to use these endpoints in [MinIO healthcheck guide](https://github.com/minio/minio/blob/master/docs/metrics/healthcheck/README.md).

## Prometheus Probe

                                    }
                                }
                            },
                        },
                    },
                    "summary": "Read Items",
                    "operationId": "read_items_items__item_id__put",
                    "parameters": [
                        {
                            "required": True,
                            "schema": {

from .main import app

client = TestClient(app)


def test_read_item():
    response = client.get("/items/foo", headers={"X-Token": "coneofsilence"})
    assert response.status_code == 200
    assert response.json() == {
        "id": "foo",
        "title": "Foo",
        "description": "There goes my hero",
    }


def test_read_item_bad_token():

    hashed_password: str


pwd_context = CryptContext(schemes=["bcrypt"], deprecated="auto")

oauth2_scheme = OAuth2PasswordBearer(
    tokenUrl="token",
    scopes={"me": "Read information about the current user.", "items": "Read items."},
)

app = FastAPI()


def verify_password(plain_password, hashed_password):
    return pwd_context.verify(plain_password, hashed_password)

                                    }
                                }
                            },
                        },
                    },
                    "summary": "Read Users",
                    "operationId": "read_users_users__get",
                    "parameters": [
                        {
                            "required": False,
                            "schema": {

                                    }
                                }
                            },
                        },
                    },
                    "summary": "Read Users",
                    "operationId": "read_users_users__get",
                    "parameters": [
                        {
                            "required": False,
                            "schema": {

    public void clear() {
      ReferenceEntry<K, V> e = head.getNextInWriteQueue();
      while (e != head) {
        ReferenceEntry<K, V> next = e.getNextInWriteQueue();
        nullifyWriteOrder(e);
        e = next;
      }

      head.setNextInWriteQueue(head);
      head.setPreviousInWriteQueue(head);
    }

    @Override
    public Iterator<ReferenceEntry<K, V>> iterator() {