bufferHelper("no newlines at all", "no newlines at all");
    bufferHelper("two lines\nbut no newline at end", "two lines\n", "but no newline at end");
    bufferHelper(
        "\nempty first line\nno newline at end", "\n", "empty first line\n", "no newline at end");
    bufferHelper("three\rlines\rno newline at end", "three\r", "lines\r", "no newline at end");
    bufferHelper("mixed\nline\rendings\r\n", "mixed\n", "line\r", "endings\r\n");

## Containerimages

Docker ist eines der wichtigsten Tools zum Erstellen und Verwalten von **Containerimages** und **Containern**.

```Python hl_lines="9"
{!../../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial001.py!}
```

La partie appelée requête (ou **query**) dans une URL est l'ensemble des paires clés-valeurs placées après le `?` , séparées par des `&`.

Par exemple, dans l'URL :

```
http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/?skip=0&limit=10
```

## Tweeter sur **FastAPI**

<a href="https://twitter.com/compose/tweet?text=I'm loving FastAPI because... https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi cc @tiangolo" class="external-link" target="_blank">Tweetez à propos de **FastAPI**</a> et faites-moi savoir, ainsi qu'aux autres, pourquoi vous aimez ça. 🎉

J'aime entendre parler de l'utilisation du **FastAPI**, de ce que vous avez aimé dedans, dans quel projet/entreprise l'utilisez-vous, etc.

## Voter pour FastAPI

class NonPydanticModel:
    pass


def test_invalid_response_model_raises():
    with pytest.raises(FastAPIError):
        app = FastAPI()

        @app.get("/", response_model=NonPydanticModel)
        def read_root():
            pass  # pragma: nocover


def test_invalid_response_model_sub_type_raises():
    with pytest.raises(FastAPIError):
        app = FastAPI()

    with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match=multipart_incorrect_install_error):
        app = FastAPI()

        @app.post("/")
        async def root(f: bytes = File()):
            return f  # pragma: nocover


def test_incorrect_multipart_installed_multi_form(monkeypatch):
    monkeypatch.delattr("multipart.multipart.parse_options_header", raising=False)

Sie können FastAPI auf GitHub „starren“ (durch Klicken auf den Stern-Button oben rechts): <a href="https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi" class="external-link" target="_blank">https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi</a>. ⭐️

Durch das Hinzufügen eines Sterns können andere Benutzer es leichter finden und sehen, dass es für andere bereits nützlich war.

## Das GitHub-Repository auf Releases beobachten

        {"name": "baz", "price": "baz"},
    ]


client = TestClient(app)


def test_invalid():
    with pytest.raises(ResponseValidationError):
        client.get("/items/invalid")


def test_invalid_none():
    with pytest.raises(ResponseValidationError):
        client.get("/items/invalidnone")


def test_valid_none_data():
    response = client.get("/items/validnone")

    client = TestClient(app)
    with pytest.raises(WebSocketDisconnect):
        with client.websocket_connect("/items/foo/ws"):
            pytest.fail(
                "did not raise WebSocketDisconnect on __enter__"
            )  # pragma: no cover


@needs_py310
def test_websocket_invalid_data(app: FastAPI):
    client = TestClient(app)
    with pytest.raises(WebSocketDisconnect):

    client = TestClient(app)
    with pytest.raises(WebSocketDisconnect):
        with client.websocket_connect("/items/foo/ws"):
            pytest.fail(
                "did not raise WebSocketDisconnect on __enter__"
            )  # pragma: no cover


def test_websocket_invalid_data():
    client = TestClient(app)
    with pytest.raises(WebSocketDisconnect):