## Renvoyer une `Response`

En fait, vous pouvez retourner n'importe quelle `Response` ou n'importe quelle sous-classe de celle-ci.

!!! note "Remarque"
    `JSONResponse` est elle-même une sous-classe de `Response`.

Et quand vous retournez une `Response`, **FastAPI** la transmet directement.

```Python
contents = await myfile.read()
```

在普通 `def` *路径操作函数*  内，则可以直接访问 `UploadFile.file`，例如：

```Python
contents = myfile.file.read()
```

!!! note "`async` 技术细节"

    使用 `async` 方法时，**FastAPI** 在线程池中执行文件方法，并 `await` 操作完成。

!!! note "Starlette 技术细节"

    **FastAPI** 的 `UploadFile` 直接继承自 **Starlette** 的 `UploadFile`，但添加了一些必要功能，使之与 **Pydantic** 及 FastAPI 的其它部件兼容。

## 什么是 「表单数据」

## 用 `PATCH` 进行部分更新

<a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/zh-CN/docs/Web/HTTP/Methods/PATCH" class="external-link" target="_blank">HTTP `PATCH`</a> 操作用于更新 *部分* 数据。

即，只发送要更新的数据，其余数据保持不变。

!!! note "笔记"

    `PATCH` 没有 `PUT` 知名，也怎么不常用。

    很多人甚至只用 `PUT` 实现部分更新。

    **FastAPI** 对此没有任何限制，可以**随意**互换使用这两种操作。

    但本指南也会分别介绍这两种操作各自的用途。

### 使用 Pydantic 的 `exclude_unset` 参数

import javax.annotation.CheckForNull;

/**
 * A range (or "interval") defines the <i>boundaries</i> around a contiguous span of values of some
 * {@code Comparable} type; for example, "integers from 1 to 100 inclusive." Note that it is not
 * possible to <i>iterate</i> over these contained values. To do so, pass this range instance and an
 * appropriate {@link DiscreteDomain} to {@link ContiguousSet#create}.
 *
 * <h3>Types of ranges</h3>
 *

    throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
  }

  /**
   * Returns an {@code ImmutableList} containing the same elements, in the same order, as this
   * collection.
   *
   * <p><b>Performance note:</b> in most cases this method can return quickly without actually
   * copying anything. The exact circumstances under which the copy is performed are undefined and
   * subject to change.
   *
   * @since 2.0
   */

   *     accepts a cause: Users of this class typically expect for instances to have a non-null
   *     cause. At the moment, you can <i>usually</i> still preserve behavior by passing an explicit
   *     {@code null} cause. Note, however, that passing an explicit {@code null} cause prevents
   *     anyone from calling {@link #initCause} later, so it is not quite equivalent to using a
   *     constructor that omits the cause.
   */
  @Deprecated

participant handler as Exceptionhandler
participant dep as Abhängigkeit mit yield
participant operation as Pfadoperation
participant tasks as Hintergrundtasks

    Note over client,operation: Kann Exceptions auslösen, inklusive HTTPException
    client ->> dep: Startet den Request
    Note over dep: Führt den Code bis zum yield aus
    opt Löst Exception aus
        dep -->> handler: Löst Exception aus
        handler -->> client: HTTP-Error-Response

```Python hl_lines="4  11  15-18"
{!../../../docs_src/templates/tutorial001.py!}
```

!!! note "Hinweis"
    Vor FastAPI 0.108.0 und Starlette 0.29.0 war `name` der erste Parameter.

    Außerdem wurde in früheren Versionen das `request`-Objekt als Teil der Schlüssel-Wert-Paare im Kontext für Jinja2 übergeben.

{!../../../docs_src/templates/tutorial001.py!}
```

!!! note
    Antes do FastAPI 0.108.0, Starlette 0.29.0, `name` era o primeiro parâmetro.

    Além disso, em versões anteriores, o objeto `request` era passado como parte dos pares chave-valor no "context" dict para o Jinja2.


!!! tip "Dica"
    Ao declarar `response_class=HTMLResponse`, a documentação entenderá que a resposta será HTML.


!!! note "Detalhes Técnicos"

Dazu verwenden Sie den `TestClient` in einer `with`-Anweisung, eine Verbindung zum WebSocket herstellend:

```Python hl_lines="27-31"
{!../../../docs_src/app_testing/tutorial002.py!}
```

!!! note "Hinweis"