# Middleware

Es gibt mehrere Middlewares, die direkt von Starlette bereitgestellt werden.

Lesen Sie mehr darüber in der [FastAPI-Dokumentation über Middleware](../advanced/middleware.md).

::: fastapi.middleware.cors.CORSMiddleware

Kann von `fastapi` importiert werden:

```python
from fastapi.middleware.cors import CORSMiddleware
```

::: fastapi.middleware.gzip.GZipMiddleware

Kann von `fastapi` importiert werden:

```python

```Python hl_lines="8-9  11  14"
{!../../../docs_src/middleware/tutorial001.py!}
```

!!! نکته به خاطر داشته باشید که هدرهای اختصاصی سفارشی را می توان با استفاده از پیشوند "X-" اضافه کرد.

## 미들웨어 만들기

미들웨어를 작성하기 위해서 함수 상단에 `@app.middleware("http")` 데코레이터를 사용할 수 있습니다.

미들웨어 함수는 다음 항목들을 받습니다:

* `request`.
* `request`를 매개변수로 받는 `call_next` 함수.
    * 이 함수는 `request`를 해당하는 *경로 작업*으로 전달합니다.
    * 그런 다음, *경로 작업*에 의해 생성된 `response` 를 반환합니다.
* `response`를 반환하기 전에 추가로 `response`를 수정할 수 있습니다.

```Python hl_lines="8-9  11  14"
{!../../../docs_src/middleware/tutorial001.py!}
```

!!! tip "팁"

# Middleware

There are several middlewares available provided by Starlette directly.

Read more about them in the [FastAPI docs for Middleware](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/middleware/).

::: fastapi.middleware.cors.CORSMiddleware

It can be imported from `fastapi`:

```python
from fastapi.middleware.cors import CORSMiddleware
```

::: fastapi.middleware.gzip.GZipMiddleware

It can be imported from `fastapi`:

```

但 FastAPI（实际上是 Starlette）提供了一种更简单的方式，能让内部中间件在处理服务器错误的同时，还能让自定义异常处理器正常运作。

为此，要使用 `app.add_middleware()` （与 CORS 中的示例一样）。

```Python
from fastapi import FastAPI
from unicorn import UnicornMiddleware

app = FastAPI()

app.add_middleware(UnicornMiddleware, some_config="rainbow")
```

`app.add_middleware()` 的第一个参数是中间件的类，其它参数则是要传递给中间件的参数。

## 集成中间件

**FastAPI** 为常见用例提供了一些中间件，下面介绍怎么使用这些中间件。

## Integrated middlewares

**FastAPI** includes several middlewares for common use cases, we'll see next how to use them.

!!! note "Technical Details"
    For the next examples, you could also use `from starlette.middleware.something import SomethingMiddleware`.

    Wenn Sie Abhängigkeiten mit `yield` haben, wird der Exit-Code *nach* der Middleware ausgeführt.

    Wenn es Hintergrundaufgaben gab (später dokumentiert), werden sie *nach* allen Middlewares ausgeführt.

## Erstellung einer Middleware

Um eine Middleware zu erstellen, verwenden Sie den Dekorator `@app.middleware("http")` über einer Funktion.

Die Middleware-Funktion erhält:

* Den `request`.

!!! note "Technical Details"
    If you have dependencies with `yield`, the exit code will run *after* the middleware.

    If there were any background tasks (documented later), they will run *after* all the middleware.

## Create a middleware

To create a middleware you use the decorator `@app.middleware("http")` on top of a function.

The middleware function receives:

* The `request`.

# Fortgeschrittene Middleware

Im Haupttutorial haben Sie gelesen, wie Sie Ihrer Anwendung [benutzerdefinierte Middleware](../tutorial/middleware.md){.internal-link target=_blank} hinzufügen können.

Und dann auch, wie man [CORS mittels der `CORSMiddleware`](../tutorial/cors.md){.internal-link target=_blank} handhabt.

In diesem Abschnitt werden wir sehen, wie man andere Middlewares verwendet.

## ASGI-Middleware hinzufügen

在任何*路径操作*收到`request`前,可以添加要和请求一起运行的代码.

也可以在*响应*生成但是返回之前添加代码.

例如你可以添加自定义请求头 `X-Process-Time` 包含以秒为单位的接收请求和生成响应的时间:

```Python hl_lines="10  12-13"
{!../../../docs_src/middleware/tutorial001.py!}
```

## 其他中间件

你可以稍后在 [Advanced User Guide: Advanced Middleware](../advanced/middleware.md){.internal-link target=_blank}阅读更多关于中间件的教程.