* Nginx
* HAProxy

## Let's Encrypt

Vor Let's Encrypt wurden diese **HTTPS-Zertifikate** von vertrauenswürdigen Dritten verkauft.

Der Prozess zum Erwerb eines dieser Zertifikate war früher umständlich, erforderte viel Papierarbeit und die Zertifikate waren ziemlich teuer.

Aber dann wurde **<a href="https://letsencrypt.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Let's Encrypt</a>** geschaffen.

        // psiBased
        (symbol.psi?.containingFile as? KtFile)?.let { ktFile ->
            with(analysisSession) {
                return ktFile.getFileSymbol()
            }
        }
        // descriptorBased
        val descriptor = symbol.containingSymbolOrSelf.getDescriptor()
        val ktFile = descriptor?.let(DescriptorToSourceUtils::getContainingFile) ?: return null
        with(analysisSession) {

        buildList {
            firScope.simpleImports.values.forEach { imports ->
                imports.forEach { import ->
                    val importedClassId = import.importedName?.let { importedName ->
                        val importedClassId =
                            import.resolvedParentClassId?.createNestedClassId(importedName) ?: ClassId(import.packageFqName, importedName)

## Let's Encrypt

Avant Let's Encrypt, ces certificats HTTPS étaient vendus par des tiers de confiance.

Le processus d'acquisition d'un de ces certificats était auparavant lourd, nécessitait pas mal de paperasses et les certificats étaient assez chers.

Mais ensuite, <a href="https://letsencrypt.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">Let's Encrypt</a> a été créé.

    pass


@app.post("/invoices/", callbacks=invoices_callback_router.routes)
def create_invoice(invoice: Invoice, callback_url: Union[HttpUrl, None] = None):
    """
    Create an invoice.

    This will (let's imagine) let the API user (some external developer) create an
    invoice.

    And this path operation will:

    * Send the invoice to the client.
    * Collect the money from the client.

     */
    private inline fun <reified T : FirCallableDeclaration> T.unwrapSubstitutionOverrideIfNeeded(): T? {
        unwrapUseSiteSubstitutionOverride()?.let { return it }

        unwrapInheritanceSubstitutionOverrideIfNeeded()?.let { return it }

        return null
    }

    /**
     * Use-site substitution override happens in situations like this:
     *
     * ```

        Disposer.newDisposable().let { disposable ->
            ParsedKotlinFiles(disposable.parseKotlinFiles(sourceRoots, compilationClasspath), disposable)
        }

    private
    fun <T : Any?> withParsedKotlinSource(sourceRoots: List<File>, block: (List<KtFile>) -> T) =
        Disposer.newDisposable().use {
            parseKotlinFiles(sourceRoots, emptyList()).let(block)
        }

    private

## Testing: extended example

Now let's extend this example and add more details to see how to test different parts.

### Extended **FastAPI** app file

Let's continue with the same file structure as before:

```
.
├── app
│   ├── __init__.py
│   ├── main.py
│   └── test_main.py
```

Вот некоторые варианты, которые вы можете использовать в качестве такого прокси-сервера:

* Traefik (может обновлять сертификаты)
* Caddy (может обновлять сертификаты)
* Nginx
* HAProxy

## Let's Encrypt (центр сертификации)

До появления Let's Encrypt **сертификаты HTTPS** приходилось покупать у третьих сторон.

Процесс получения такого сертификата был трудоёмким, требовал предоставления подтверждающих документов и сертификаты стоили дорого.

    System.setErr(object : PrintStream(OutputStream.nullOutputStream()) {})
  }

  fun uninstall() {
    originalSystemOut.let {
      System.setOut(it)
    }
    originalSystemErr.let {
      System.setErr(it)
    }
  }