assertEquals(message, e.getMessage());
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void test_multipleExceptionInstances() {
        // Test multiple instances are independent
        InvalidAccessTokenException exception1 = new InvalidAccessTokenException("Type1", "Message1");
        InvalidAccessTokenException exception2 = new InvalidAccessTokenException("Type2", "Message2");

        // Update second directory cache
        List<SmbFile> files2 = Arrays.asList(mockFile2);
        directoryLeaseManager.updateDirectoryCache(dir2, files2);

        // Verify both caches are independent
        assertTrue(entry1.isComplete());
        assertTrue(entry2.isComplete());
        assertTrue(entry1.hasChild("document.txt"));
        assertFalse(entry1.hasChild("subfolder"));

Now let's go back a bit and understand what is all that.

The `password` "flow" is one of the ways ("flows") defined in OAuth2, to handle security and authentication.

OAuth2 was designed so that the backend or API could be independent of the server that authenticates the user.

But in this case, the same **FastAPI** application will handle the API and the authentication.

So, let's review it from that simplified point of view:

        return MultipartBody(boundary, type, parts.toImmutableList())
      }
    }

  companion object {
    /**
     * The "mixed" subtype of "multipart" is intended for use when the body parts are independent
     * and need to be bundled in a particular order. Any "multipart" subtypes that an implementation
     * does not recognize must be treated as being of subtype "mixed".
     */
    @JvmField

         * The kerberos session key is not accessible via the JGSS API. IBM and
         * Oracle both implement a similar API to make an ExtendedGSSContext
         * available. That API is accessed via reflection to make this independent
         * of the runtime JRE
         */
        if (EXT_GSS_CONTEXT_CLASS == null || INQUIRE_SEC_CONTEXT == null || INQUIRE_TYPE_SESSION_KEY == null) {

      /*
       * We need not worry about class unloading under Android. Plus, this approach doesn't always
       * work under Android.
       *
       * (Clearing inheritableThreadLocals could still be useful independent of class unloading, but
       * that's a larger problem, which we don't attempt to solve anywhere else in Guava.)
       */
      return null;
    }
    try {

authors = [
    { name = "Sebastián Ramírez", email = "******@****.***" },
]
classifiers = [
    "Intended Audience :: Information Technology",
    "Intended Audience :: System Administrators",
    "Operating System :: OS Independent",
    "Programming Language :: Python :: 3",
    "Programming Language :: Python",
    "Topic :: Internet",
    "Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Application Frameworks",

        // if multiple test tasks run in parallel. We also pass it to the Gradle build as a maximum (maxParallelForks)
        // for each test task, such that we are independent of whatever default value is defined in the build itself.
        "-Dorg.gradle.workers.max=$maxParallelForks",
        "-PmaxParallelForks=$maxParallelForks",
        PLUGINS_PORTAL_URL_OVERRIDE,

        assertTrue(result.length() > "TransWaitNamedPipeResponse[]".length());
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Multiple instances should be independent")
    void testMultipleInstances() {
        // Arrange
        TransWaitNamedPipeResponse response1 = new TransWaitNamedPipeResponse(mockConfig);

        assertFalse(rateLimiter.checkAttempt("user6", ip), "Should block after IP rate limit");
    }

    @Test
    public void testDifferentIpsIndependent() throws Exception {
        // Different IPs should have independent limits
        for (int i = 1; i <= 3; i++) {
            assertTrue(rateLimiter.checkAttempt("user1", "192.168.1." + i));
            rateLimiter.recordFailure("user1", "192.168.1." + i);
        }