from enum import Enum
from math import isinf, isnan
from pathlib import PurePath, PurePosixPath, PureWindowsPath
from typing import Optional, TypedDict

import pytest
from fastapi._compat import Undefined
from fastapi.encoders import jsonable_encoder
from fastapi.exceptions import PydanticV1NotSupportedError
from pydantic import BaseModel, Field, ValidationError


class Person:
    def __init__(self, name: str):
        self.name = name

Это потому, что по умолчанию FastAPI проверяет каждый элемент внутри и убеждается, что он сериализуем в JSON, используя тот же [JSON Compatible Encoder](../tutorial/encoder.md){.internal-link target=_blank}, объяснённый в руководстве. Это позволяет возвращать **произвольные объекты**, например модели из базы данных.

    removeAll(other.asRanges());
  }

  @Override
  public boolean intersects(Range<C> otherRange) {
    return !subRangeSet(otherRange).isEmpty();
  }

  @Override
  public abstract boolean encloses(Range<C> otherRange);

  @Override
  public boolean equals(@Nullable Object obj) {
    if (obj == this) {
      return true;
    } else if (obj instanceof RangeSet) {
      RangeSet<?> other = (RangeSet<?>) obj;

        System.arraycopy(this.fileId, 0, dst, dstIndex, 16);
        dstIndex += 16;

        SMBUtil.writeInt2(dstIndex - getHeaderStart(), dst, bufferOffsetOffset);
        final int len = this.info.encode(dst, dstIndex);
        SMBUtil.writeInt4(len, dst, bufferLengthOffset);
        dstIndex += len;
        return dstIndex - start;
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritDoc}
     *

    public int size() {
        // Context header (16) + name length (4) + padding to 8-byte alignment (4) + data (32)
        return 16 + 4 + 4 + STRUCTURE_SIZE;
    }

    @Override
    public int encode(byte[] dst, int dstIndex) {
        int start = dstIndex;

        // Write context header
        SMBUtil.writeInt4(0, dst, dstIndex); // Next (offset to next context, 0 for last)
        dstIndex += 4;

## Другие middleware { #other-middlewares }

Существует много других ASGI middleware.

Например:

- <a href="https://github.com/encode/uvicorn/blob/master/uvicorn/middleware/proxy_headers.py" class="external-link" target="_blank">`ProxyHeadersMiddleware` от Uvicorn</a>

	if err != nil {
		writeErrorResponse(ctx, w, toAPIError(ctx, err), r.URL)
		return
	}

	// Call site replication hook.
	//
	// We encode the xml bytes as base64 to ensure there are no encoding
	// errors.
	cfgStr := base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(configData)
	replLogIf(ctx, globalSiteReplicationSys.BucketMetaHook(ctx, madmin.SRBucketMeta{

  @Deprecated(
    message = "moved to val",
    replaceWith = ReplaceWith(expression = "subtype"),
    level = DeprecationLevel.ERROR,
  )
  fun subtype(): String = subtype

  /**
   * Returns the encoded media type, like "text/plain; charset=utf-8", appropriate for use in a
   * Content-Type header.
   */
  override fun toString(): String = mediaType

	// MD5 checksum.
	ErrMissingCustomerKeyMD5 = Errorf("The SSE-C request is missing the customer key MD5")

	// ErrInvalidCustomerKey indicates that the SSE-C client key is not valid - e.g. not a
	// base64-encoded string or not 256 bits long.
	ErrInvalidCustomerKey = Errorf("The SSE-C client key is invalid")

	// ErrSecretKeyMismatch indicates that the provided secret key (SSE-C client key / SSE-S3 KMS key)

    public fun body(body: MockResponseBody): Builder =
      apply {
        setHeader("Content-Length", body.contentLength)
        this.body = body
      }

    /** Sets the response body to the UTF-8 encoded bytes of [body]. */
    public fun body(body: String): Builder = body(Buffer().writeUtf8(body))

    public fun socketHandler(socketHandler: SocketHandler): Builder =
      apply {