request.writeBytesWireFormat(buffer, 0);

        // Control code is at offset 4 (4 bytes)
        int encodedControlCode = (buffer[4] & 0xFF) | ((buffer[5] & 0xFF) << 8) | ((buffer[6] & 0xFF) << 16) | ((buffer[7] & 0xFF) << 24);
        assertEquals(testControlCode, encodedControlCode);
    }

        int len = cmd.writeParametersWireFormat(buffer, 0);
        assertTrue(len >= 2);
        // writeInt2 writes in little-endian format (LSB first)
        assertEquals(0xAB, buffer[0] & 0xFF);
        assertEquals(0x12, buffer[1] & 0xFF);
        // Check that the path is written after the referral level
        // The path should be written starting at index 2
        // writeString adds null terminator

        byte[] dst = new byte[4];

        SMB1SigningDigest.writeUTime(mockConfig, 0L, dst, 0);

        assertEquals((byte) 0xFF, dst[0]);
        assertEquals((byte) 0xFF, dst[1]);
        assertEquals((byte) 0xFF, dst[2]);
        assertEquals((byte) 0xFF, dst[3]);
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Test writeUTime with max time")
    void testWriteUTimeWithMaxTime() {

        // Check FID (little-endian)
        assertEquals(0x34, dst[0] & 0xFF);
        assertEquals(0x12, dst[1] & 0xFF);
        // Check count
        assertEquals(10, dst[2] & 0xFF);
        assertEquals(0, dst[3] & 0xFF);
        // Check offset
        assertEquals(0x78, dst[4] & 0xFF);
        assertEquals(0x56, dst[5] & 0xFF);
    }

    /**
     * Test writeBytesWireFormat writes data correctly

    void testWriteAndXWireFormatWithoutAndx() {
        DummyAndXBlock block = new DummyAndXBlock();
        byte[] buf = new byte[128];
        int n = block.writeAndXWireFormat(buf, 0);

        assertTrue(n > 0);
        // Common AndX header: command at +1, reserved at +2, offset at +3/+4

                assertTrue(flag >= 0x00 && flag <= 0xFF,
                        String.format("Fragment flag 0x%02X should be in valid byte range 0x00-0xFF", flag));
            }
        }

        @Test
        @DisplayName("RPC packet flags should be within byte range")
        void testRpcPacketFlagsRange() {
            // Verify that RPC packet flags are within byte range (0x00-0xFF)

    void constructorMasksValue(int input) {
        NdrShort ns = new NdrShort(input);
        // NdrShort masks to 0xFF (8 bits) in its constructor
        int expected = input & 0xFF;
        assertEquals(expected, ns.value, "value should be masked to 0xFF before storing");
    }

    /**
     * Round-trip encode/decode for a selection of representative values.
     */
    @ParameterizedTest

    static int readInt2(final byte[] src, final int srcIndex) {
        return (src[srcIndex] & 0xFF) + ((src[srcIndex + 1] & 0xFF) << 8);
    }

    static int readInt4(final byte[] src, final int srcIndex) {
        return (src[srcIndex] & 0xFF) + ((src[srcIndex + 1] & 0xFF) << 8) + ((src[srcIndex + 2] & 0xFF) << 16)
                + ((src[srcIndex + 3] & 0xFF) << 24);
    }

    static long readInt8(final byte[] src, final int srcIndex) {

    var accumulatorBitCount = 0
    for (i in 0 until byteCount) {
      val byteIn = source.readByte() and 0xff
      accumulator = accumulator shl 8 or byteIn
      accumulatorBitCount += 8
      while (accumulatorBitCount >= 8) {
        val childIndex = (accumulator ushr (accumulatorBitCount - 8)) and 0xff
        node = node.children!![childIndex]!!
        if (node.children == null) {
          // Terminal node.

            tmp[i] = (byte) ((src[srcIndex + 2 * i + 1] & 0xFF) - 0x41 << 4);
            tmp[i] |= (byte) ((src[srcIndex + 2 * i + 2] & 0xFF) - 0x41 & 0x0F);
            if (tmp[i] != (byte) ' ') {
                length = i + 1;
            }
        }
        this.name = Strings.fromOEMBytes(tmp, 0, length, this.config);
        this.hexCode = (src[srcIndex + TYPE_OFFSET] & 0xFF) - 0x41 << 4;