Bunu, `Annotated` içinde [Pydantic’in `AfterValidator`](https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/concepts/validators/#field-after-validator)’ını kullanarak yapabilirsiniz.

/// tip | İpucu

Pydantic’te [`BeforeValidator`](https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/concepts/validators/#field-before-validator) ve başka validator’lar da vardır. 🤓

///

releases of OkHttp.

ProGuard was the previous default. We’re [tracking problems][proguard_problems] with interactions
between ProGuard, OkHttp 4.x, and Kotlin-originated `.class` files. Make sure you’re on the latest
release if you’re using ProGuard,


Gradle
------

OkHttp 4’s minimum requirements are Java 8+ and Android 5+. These requirements were
[first introduced][require_android_5] with OkHttp 3.13.

## Technical Details { #technical-details }

Just a technical detail for the curious nerds. 🤓

Underneath, in the ASGI technical specification, this is part of the [Lifespan Protocol](https://asgi.readthedocs.io/en/latest/specs/lifespan.html), and it defines events called `startup` and `shutdown`.

/// info

You can read more about the Starlette `lifespan` handlers in [Starlette's  Lifespan' docs](https://www.starlette.dev/lifespan/).

{* ../../docs_src/openapi_callbacks/tutorial001_py310.py hl[7:11,34:51] *}

/// tip | Tipp

Der Query-Parameter `callback_url` verwendet einen Pydantic-[Url](https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/api/networks/)-Typ.

///

Das einzig Neue ist `callbacks=invoices_callback_router.routes` als Argument für den *Pfadoperation-Dekorator*. Wir werden als Nächstes sehen, was das ist.

## Detalhes técnicos { #technical-details }

Apenas um detalhe técnico para nerds curiosos. 🤓

Por baixo, na especificação técnica do ASGI, isso é parte do [Protocolo Lifespan](https://asgi.readthedocs.io/en/latest/specs/lifespan.html), e define eventos chamados `startup` e `shutdown`.

/// info | Informação

- 編輯器支援（自動完成等），即使是巢狀模型
- 資料轉換
- 資料驗證
- 自動產生文件

## 特殊型別與驗證 { #special-types-and-validation }

除了 `str`、`int`、`float` 等一般的單一型別外，你也可以使用繼承自 `str` 的更複雜單一型別。

若要查看所有可用選項，請參閱 [Pydantic 的型別總覽](https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/concepts/types/)。你會在下一章看到一些範例。

例如，在 `Image` 模型中有一個 `url` 欄位，我們可以將其宣告為 Pydantic 的 `HttpUrl`，而不是 `str`：

{* ../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial005_py310.py hl[2,8] *}

### Hey API { #hey-api }

Once we have a FastAPI app with the models, we can use Hey API to generate a TypeScript client. The fastest way to do that is via npx.

```sh
npx @hey-api/openapi-ts -i http://localhost:8000/openapi.json -o src/client
```

This will generate a TypeScript SDK in `./src/client`.

Pour voir toutes les options dont vous disposez, consultez [l’aperçu des types de Pydantic](https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/concepts/types/). Vous verrez quelques exemples au chapitre suivant.

Par exemple, comme dans le modèle `Image` nous avons un champ `url`, nous pouvons le déclarer comme instance de `HttpUrl` de Pydantic au lieu de `str` :

  - Built-in IDP users and their respective service accounts
  - LDAP/AD users and their respective service accounts
  - OpenID/OIDC service accounts

- On versioned buckets, FTP/SFTP only operates on latest objects, if you need to retrieve
  an older version you must use an `S3 API client` such as [`mc`](https://github.com/minio/mc).

- All features currently used by your buckets will work as is without any changes

## Guía oficial { #official-guide }

Pydantic tiene una [Guía de migración](https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/migration/) oficial de v1 a v2.

También incluye qué cambió, cómo las validaciones ahora son más correctas y estrictas, posibles consideraciones, etc.

Puedes leerla para entender mejor qué cambió.

## Tests { #tests }