* <p>
 * Beans injected into Mojo parameters are prepared by <a href="https://www.eclipse.org/sisu/">Sisu</a> JSR330-based
 * container: this annotation is only effective on fields of the Mojo class itself, nested bean injection
 * requires Sisu or JSR330 annotations.
 *
 * @since 4.0.0
 */
@Experimental
@Documented
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target({ElementType.FIELD, ElementType.METHOD})
@Inherited

import org.ietf.jgss.GSSName;
import org.ietf.jgss.Oid;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.DisplayName;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Nested;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtendWith;
import org.junit.jupiter.params.ParameterizedTest;
import org.junit.jupiter.params.provider.MethodSource;
import org.mockito.Mock;

        assertTrue(duration < 1000, "Creating and using 10000 EmptyIterators should be fast (took " + duration + "ms)");
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("EmptyIterator should work correctly in nested iteration")
    void testNestedIteration() {
        // When & Then
        assertDoesNotThrow(() -> {
            int outerCount = 0;
            while (emptyIterator.hasNext()) {

        assertEquals(longMessage, exception.getMessage());
        assertNull(exception.getCause());
    }

    public void test_constructor_withNestedCause() {
        // Test constructor with nested exception causes
        Exception rootCause = new IllegalStateException("Root cause");
        Exception middleCause = new RuntimeException("Middle cause", rootCause);
        String message = "Top level dictionary error";

        mockPipeIn.lock = new Object();

        byte[] buffer = new byte[10];
        int bufferIndex = 0;
        int len = 10;

        // Call the method to be tested
        int result = response.readDataWireFormat(buffer, bufferIndex, len);

        // Verify the result
        assertEquals(len, result, "readDataWireFormat should return the length of data read.");

Just functions that look the same as the *path operation functions*.

But still, it is very powerful, and allows you to declare arbitrarily deeply nested dependency "graphs" (trees).

/// tip

All this might not seem as useful with these simple examples.

But you will see how useful it is in the chapters about **security**.

    hashFunctions[0] = Murmur3_128HashFunction.GOOD_FAST_HASH_128;
    int seed = GOOD_FAST_HASH_SEED;
    for (int i = 1; i < hashFunctionsNeeded; i++) {
      seed += 1500450271; // a prime; shouldn't matter
      hashFunctions[i] = murmur3_128(seed);
    }
    return new ConcatenatedHashFunction(hashFunctions);
  }

  /**

        // getMessage() may return null when constructed with null
        // This is expected behavior for exceptions with null cause
    }

    public void test_nestedCause() {
        // Test with nested exceptions
        RuntimeException rootCause = new RuntimeException("Root cause");
        ParseException parseException = new ParseException("Parse error");
        parseException.initCause(rootCause);

        assertEquals(0, SessionSetupHandler.class.getDeclaredFields().length, "No fields expected");
        assertEquals(0, SessionSetupHandler.class.getDeclaredClasses().length, "No nested types expected");
    }

    @ParameterizedTest(name = "Implementation is instance: {0}")
    @MethodSource("implementations")
    @DisplayName("Happy path: can create implementations and use type checks")

          && method.getParameterTypes().length != 0 // only the seeded hash functions
          && !method.getName().equals("concatenating") // don't test Hashing.concatenating()
          && !method.getName().equals("goodFastHash") // tested in testGoodFastHashEquals
          && !method.getName().startsWith("hmac")) { // skip hmac functions
        Object[] params1 = new Object[method.getParameterTypes().length];