closeBitrotWriters(writers)
		if err != nil && !test.shouldFail {
			t.Errorf("Test %d: should pass but failed with: %v", i, err)
		}
		if err == nil && test.shouldFail {
			t.Errorf("Test %d: should fail but it passed", i)
		}
		for i, w := range writers {
			if w == nil {
				disks[i] = OfflineDisk
			}
		}
		if err == nil {

     *
     * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
     */
    @Test
    void testConstructorWithMissingApplicationTag() throws IOException {
        // Create inner content with OID and magic bytes but wrong tag after
        ByteArrayOutputStream innerContent = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        ASN1ObjectIdentifier kerberosOid = new ASN1ObjectIdentifier(KerberosConstants.KERBEROS_OID);

# Using Dataclasses { #using-dataclasses }

FastAPI is built on top of **Pydantic**, and I have been showing you how to use Pydantic models to declare requests and responses.

But FastAPI also supports using <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/dataclasses.html" class="external-link" target="_blank">`dataclasses`</a> the same way:

{* ../../docs_src/dataclasses/tutorial001.py hl[1,7:12,19:20] *}

  Entry<K, V> belowSamplesLesser();

  /**
   * Returns an entry with a key less than the keys of the {@link #samples()} but greater than the
   * key of {@link #belowSamplesLesser()}.
   */
  Entry<K, V> belowSamplesGreater();

  /**
   * Returns an entry with a key greater than the keys of the {@link #samples()} but less than the
   * key of {@link #aboveSamplesGreater()}.
   */
  Entry<K, V> aboveSamplesLesser();

  /**

When you declare a default value for non-path parameters (for now, we have only seen query parameters), then it is not required.

If you don't want to add a specific value but just make it optional, set the default as `None`.

But when you want to make a query parameter required, you can just not declare any default value:

{* ../../docs_src/query_params/tutorial005.py hl[6:7] *}

   * Returns a fixed-size list backed by the specified array, similar to {@link
   * Arrays#asList(Object[])}. The list supports {@link List#set(int, Object)}, but any attempt to
   * set a value to {@code null} will result in a {@link NullPointerException}.
   *
   * <p>The returned list maintains the values, but not the identities, of {@code Double} objects
   * written to or read from it. For example, whether {@code list.get(0) == list.get(0)} is true for

    }
    return builder().addAll(values).build();
  }

  /**
   * Returns an immutable array containing all the values from {@code stream}, in order.
   *
   * @since 33.4.0 (but since 22.0 in the JRE flavor)
   */
  @IgnoreJRERequirement // Users will use this only if they're already using streams.
  public static ImmutableLongArray copyOf(LongStream stream) {

   *
   * @since 22.0 (but only since 33.4.0 in the Android flavor)
   */
  public void forEach(IntConsumer consumer) {
    checkNotNull(consumer);
    for (int i = start; i < end; i++) {
      consumer.accept(array[i]);
    }
  }

  /**
   * Returns a stream over the values in this array, in order.
   *
   * @since 22.0 (but only since 33.4.0 in the Android flavor)
   */

 *       typically because the type forbids nullable type arguments: For example, {@code
 *       ImmutableList.get} returns {@code E}, but that value is never {@code null}. (Accordingly,
 *       {@code ImmutableList} is declared to forbid {@code ImmutableList<@Nullable String>}.)
 *   <li>methods whose return type is a type variable but which can return {@code null} regardless

unable to deliver its IOException to the application. We would have told the application layer that the write succeeded, but it didn't!

The application-layer can also do blocking reads. If the application asks to read and there's nothing available, we need to hold that thread until either the bytes arrive, the stream is closed, or a timeout elapses. If we get bytes but there's nobody asking for them, we buffer them. We don't consider bytes as delivered for flow control until they're consumed...