public interface VersionParser extends Service {

    /**
     * Parses the specified version string, for example "1.0".
     *
     * @param version the version string to parse, must not be {@code null}
     * @return the parsed version, never {@code null}
     * @throws VersionParserException if the string violates the syntax rules of this scheme
     * @see org.apache.maven.api.Session#parseVersion(String)
     */
    @Nonnull

 * whose next element can always be derived from the previous element. Null elements are not
 * supported, nor is the {@link #remove()} method.
 *
 * <p>Example:
 *
 * {@snippet :
 * Iterator<Integer> powersOfTwo =
 *     new AbstractSequentialIterator<Integer>(1) {
 *       protected Integer computeNext(Integer previous) {
 *         return (previous == 1 << 30) ? null : previous * 2;
 *       }
 *     };
 * }
 *

    // Parse the address, and make sure the length/version is correct.
    Scope scope = parseScope ? new Scope() : null;
    byte[] addr = ipStringToBytes(ipString, scope);
    if (addr == null || addr.length != expectBytes) {
      return null;
    }

    return bytesToInetAddress(addr, (scope != null) ? scope.scope : null);
  }

  /**

        checkNotClosed();

        if (key == null || sessionId == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Session ID and key must not be null");
        }

        // Clone the key to prevent external modification
        byte[] keyClone = key.clone();
        SecretKey secretKey = new SecretKeySpec(keyClone, algorithm);

        // Store in memory

     * @param url the URL to convert
     * @return the converted URL after applying all duplicate host rules,
     *         or null if the input URL is null
     */
    public String convert(final String url) {
        if (url == null) {
            return null;
        }

        if (duplicateHostList == null) {
            init();
        }

        String newUrl = url;

     */
    public PACDecodingException() {
        this(null, null);
    }

    /**
     * Constructs a new PAC decoding exception with the specified detail message.
     * @param message the detail message
     */
    public PACDecodingException(final String message) {
        this(message, null);
    }

    /**
     * Constructs a new PAC decoding exception with the specified cause.

    public void test_nullHandling() {
        // Test with null ParseException
        QueryParseException queryParseException = new QueryParseException(null);
        assertNotNull(queryParseException);
        assertNull(queryParseException.getCause());
        // getMessage() may return null when constructed with null
        // This is expected behavior for exceptions with null cause
    }

    public void test_nestedCause() {

     * Constructs an instance.
     *
     * @param clazz
     *            the class (must not be {@literal null})
     */
    public ClassIterator(final Class<?> clazz) {
        this(clazz, true);
    }

    /**
     * Constructs an instance.
     *
     * @param clazz the class (must not be {@literal null})
     * @param includeObject if {@literal true}, includes the {@link Object} class in the iteration
     */

     * @param keyList The list of keys to register this extractor under.
     */
    public void register(final List<String> keyList) {
        if (keyList == null || keyList.isEmpty()) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("keyList must not be null or empty.");
        }
        getExtractorFactory().addExtractor(keyList, this);
    }

    /**
     * Returns the MimeTypeHelper instance from the CrawlerContainer.

        assertNotNull(defaultConfig.getRandom(), "Random should not be null");
        assertNotNull(defaultConfig.getLocalTimezone(), "Local timezone should not be null");
        assertNotNull(defaultConfig.getMachineId(), "Machine ID should not be null");
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Test network configuration getters")
    void testNetworkConfigurationGetters() {