return this;
    }

    public TypeMetaData setLowerBounds(TypeMetaData lowerBounds) {
        this.lowerBounds = lowerBounds;
        return this;
    }

    public interface SignatureVisitor {
        void visitText(String text);

        void visitType(String name);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object o) {
        if (this == o) {

 * bookkeeping easier for the caller: releasing the allocation as soon as the terminal stream has
 * been found. But only complete the stream once its data stream has been exhausted.
 */
interface Connection {
  /** Returns the route used by this connection. */
  fun route(): Route

  /**
   * Returns the socket that this connection is using. Returns an

/**
 * @deprecated As of 3.2.2, and there is no direct replacement. This is an internal class which was not marked as such,
 *             but should have been.
 *
 */
@Deprecated
public interface ProjectDependenciesResolver {

    /**
     * Resolves the transitive dependencies of the specified project.
     *
     * @param project         The project whose dependencies should be resolved, must not be {@code null}.

以及如何[使用 `CORSMiddleware` 处理 CORS](../tutorial/cors.md){.internal-link target=_blank}。

本章学习如何使用其它中间件。

## 添加 ASGI 中间件

因为 **FastAPI** 基于 Starlette，且执行 <abbr title="Asynchronous Server Gateway Interface，异步服务器网关界面">ASGI</abbr> 规范，所以可以使用任意 ASGI 中间件。

中间件不必是专为 FastAPI 或 Starlette 定制的，只要遵循 ASGI 规范即可。

总之，ASGI 中间件是类，并把 ASGI 应用作为第一个参数。

因此，有些第三方 ASGI 中间件的文档推荐以如下方式使用中间件：

```Python

package auth

import (
	"encoding/json"
	"testing"
	"time"
)

func TestExpToInt64(t *testing.T) {
	testCases := []struct {
		exp             interface{}
		expectedFailure bool
	}{
		{"", true},
		{"-1", true},
		{"1574812326", false},
		{1574812326, false},
		{int64(1574812326), false},
		{int(1574812326), false},
		{uint(1574812326), false},

// By default at least 128 entries in single getdents call (1MiB buffer)
var (
	direntPool = sync.Pool{
		New: func() interface{} {
			buf := make([]byte, blockSize*128)
			return &buf
		},
	}

	direntNamePool = sync.Pool{
		New: func() interface{} {
			buf := make([]byte, blockSize)
			return &buf
		},
	}
)

// unexpectedFileMode is a sentinel (and bogus) os.FileMode

    }

    /**
     *
     */
    public static interface MyInterface {
        /**
         *
         */
        String HOGE = "hoge";
    }

    /**
     *
     */
    public static interface MyInterface2 extends MyInterface {
        /**
         *
         */
        String HOGE = "hoge2";
    }

    /**

 * evicted or manually invalidated. The common way to build instances is using {@link CacheBuilder}.
 *
 * <p>Implementations of this interface are expected to be thread-safe, and can be safely accessed
 * by multiple concurrent threads.
 *
 * @param <K> the type of the cache's keys, which are not permitted to be null

            return this;
        }

        public RequestOptionCall<DeleteRequestBuilder> deleteOption() {
            return deleteOption;
        }
    }

    @FunctionalInterface
    public interface RequestOptionCall<OP> {
        void callback(OP op);
    }

```Python hl_lines="1  7-13  19"
{!../../docs_src/dataclasses/tutorial002.py!}
```

A dataclass será automaticamente convertida para uma dataclass Pydantic.

Dessa forma, seu esquema aparecerá na interface de documentação da API:

<img src="/img/tutorial/dataclasses/image01.png">

## Dataclasses em Estruturas de Dados Aninhadas