```Python hl_lines="9"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial001.py!}
    ```

=== "🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛"

    ```Python hl_lines="7"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial001_py310.py!}
    ```

🔢 🔢 `q` 🆎 `Union[str, None]` (⚖️ `str | None` 🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣), 👈 ⛓ 👈 ⚫️ 🆎 `str` ✋️ 💪 `None`, & 👐, 🔢 💲 `None`, FastAPI 🔜 💭 ⚫️ 🚫 ✔.

!!! note

    ```Python hl_lines="7"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial001_py310.py!}
    ```

=== "Python 3.8+"

    ```Python hl_lines="9"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial001.py!}
    ```

    ```Python hl_lines="7"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial001_py310.py!}
    ```

=== "Python 3.8+"

    ```Python hl_lines="9"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial001.py!}
    ```

    ```Python hl_lines="7"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial001_py310.py!}
    ```

=== "Python 3.8+"

    ```Python hl_lines="9"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial001.py!}
    ```

```Python hl_lines="7"
{!../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial005.py!}
```

!!! note
    具有默认值还会使该参数成为可选参数。

## 声明为必需参数

当我们不需要声明额外的校验或元数据时，只需不声明默认值就可以使 `q` 参数成为必需参数，例如：

```Python
q: str
```

代替：

```Python
q: Union[str, None] = None
```

但是现在我们正在用 `Query` 声明它，例如：

```Python
q: Union[str, None] = Query(default=None, min_length=3)
```

        annotation: Optional[Any] = None,
        alias: Optional[str] = None,
        alias_priority: Union[int, None] = _Unset,
        # TODO: update when deprecating Pydantic v1, import these types
        # validation_alias: str | AliasPath | AliasChoices | None
        validation_alias: Union[str, None] = None,
        serialization_alias: Union[str, None] = None,
        title: Optional[str] = None,
        description: Optional[str] = None,

            """
        ),
    ] = _Unset,
    # TODO: update when deprecating Pydantic v1, import these types
    # validation_alias: str | AliasPath | AliasChoices | None
    validation_alias: Annotated[
        Union[str, None],
        Doc(
            """
            'Whitelist' validation step. The parameter field will be the single one
            allowed by the alias or set of aliases defined.

        self,
        *,
        flows: Annotated[
            Union[OAuthFlowsModel, Dict[str, Dict[str, Any]]],
            Doc(
                """
                The dictionary of OAuth2 flows.
                """
            ),
        ] = OAuthFlowsModel(),
        scheme_name: Annotated[
            Optional[str],
            Doc(
                """
                Security scheme name.

}


class Token(BaseModel):
    access_token: str
    token_type: str


class TokenData(BaseModel):
    username: Union[str, None] = None


class User(BaseModel):
    username: str
    email: Union[str, None] = None
    full_name: Union[str, None] = None
    disabled: Union[bool, None] = None


class UserInDB(User):
    hashed_password: str

}


class Token(BaseModel):
    access_token: str
    token_type: str


class TokenData(BaseModel):
    username: Union[str, None] = None


class User(BaseModel):
    username: str
    email: Union[str, None] = None
    full_name: Union[str, None] = None
    disabled: Union[bool, None] = None


class UserInDB(User):
    hashed_password: str