Inclus des librairies externes basées, aussi, sur Pydantic, servent d'<abbr title="Object-Relational Mapper">ORM</abbr>s, <abbr title="Object-Document Mapper">ODM</abbr>s pour les bases de données.

En déclarant les types de vos variables, cela permet aux différents outils comme les éditeurs de texte d'offrir un meilleur support.

Ce chapitre n'est qu'un **tutoriel rapide / rappel** sur les annotations de type Python.
Seulement le minimum nécessaire pour les utiliser avec **FastAPI** sera couvert... ce qui est en réalité très peu.

```Python hl_lines="7"
{!../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial005.py!}
```

!!! note "Rappel"
    Avoir une valeur par défaut rend le paramètre optionnel.

## Rendre ce paramètre requis

static void <clinit>(); } org/gradle/wrapper/GradleWrapperMain.class package org.gradle.wrapper; public synchronized class GradleWrapperMain { public static void main(String[]); } org/gradle/wrapper/Install$1.class package org.gradle.wrapper; public final synchronized class Install$1 implements java.util.concurrent.Callable { public void Install$1(java.io.File, java.io.File, java.net.URI, Install, WrapperConfiguration); public final Object call(); } org/gradle/wrapper/Install$InstallCheck.class package...

     * references is {@code true} and both wrappers use the {@link Object#equals(Object) same}
     * equivalence.
     */
    @Override
    public boolean equals(@CheckForNull Object obj) {
      if (obj == this) {
        return true;
      }
      if (obj instanceof Wrapper) {
        Wrapper<?> that = (Wrapper<?>) obj; // note: not necessarily a Wrapper<T>

     * references is {@code true} and both wrappers use the {@link Object#equals(Object) same}
     * equivalence.
     */
    @Override
    public boolean equals(@CheckForNull Object obj) {
      if (obj == this) {
        return true;
      }
      if (obj instanceof Wrapper) {
        Wrapper<?> that = (Wrapper<?>) obj; // note: not necessarily a Wrapper<T>

   * UnicodeEscaper.
   *
   * <p>When a {@link CharEscaper} escaper is wrapped by this method it acquires extra behavior with
   * respect to the well-formedness of Unicode character sequences and will throw {@link
   * IllegalArgumentException} when given bad input.
   *
   * @param escaper the instance to be wrapped

}

private fun ConeKotlinType.simplifyType(
    session: FirSession,
    useSitePosition: PsiElement,
    visited: MutableSet<ConeKotlinType> = mutableSetOf(),
): ConeKotlinType {
    // E.g., Wrapper<T> : Comparable<Wrapper<T>>
    if (!visited.add(this)) return this

    val substitutor = AnonymousTypesSubstitutor(session)
    val visibilityForApproximation = useSitePosition.visibilityForApproximation

    }

    /**
     * We want to unwrap a SUBSTITUTION_OVERRIDE wrapper if it doesn't affect the declaration's signature in any way. If the signature
     * is somehow changed, then we want to keep the wrapper.
     *
     * Such substitute overrides happen because of inheritance.
     *

* do we need a sort of bus for application data
* do we need a dictionary for our applications like Apple does. We could easily hook into this and this is the model we need to follow. Following the model of apple applications the dictionary is what the REST URI should attach to. Not creating custom logic in the resource code.