matrices or batches of matrices (CPU only).
*   Added gradients for eigenvalues and eigenvectors computed using
    `self_adjoint_eig` or `self_adjoint_eigvals`.
*   Eliminated `batch_*` methods for most linear algebra and FFT ops and
    promoted the non-batch version of the ops to handle batches of matrices.

Dans ce cadre, j'ai dû étudier, tester et utiliser de nombreuses alternatives.

L'histoire de **FastAPI** est en grande partie l'histoire de ses prédécesseurs.

Comme dit dans la section [Alternatives](alternatives.md){.internal-link target=\_blank} :

<blockquote markdown="1">

* L'apprentissage automatique (ou **Machine Learning**) : cela nécessite de nombreuses multiplications de matrices et vecteurs. Imaginez une énorme feuille de calcul remplie de nombres que vous multiplierez entre eux tous au même moment.

```JSON
{
    "name": "Foo",
    "description": "An optional description",
    "price": 45.2,
    "tax": 3.5
}
```

...`description` et `tax` étant des attributs optionnels (avec `None` comme valeur par défaut), cet "objet" JSON serait aussi valide :

```JSON
{
    "name": "Foo",
    "price": 45.2
}
```

## Déclarez-le comme paramètre

[files]
extend-exclude = [
    ".git/",
    "docs/",
]
ignore-hidden = false

[default]
extend-ignore-re = [
    "Patrick Collison",
    "Copyright 2014 Unknwon",
    "[0-9A-Za-z/+=]{64}",
    "ZXJuZXQxDjAMBgNVBA-some-junk-Q4wDAYDVQQLEwVNaW5pbzEOMAwGA1UEAxMF",
    "eyJmb28iOiJiYXIifQ",
    "eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiJ9.*",
    "MIIDBTCCAe2gAwIBAgIQWHw7h.*",
    'http\.Header\{"X-Amz-Server-Side-Encryptio":',

```Python
    return {"item_name": item.name, "item_id": item_id}
```

...da:

```Python
        ... "item_name": item.name ...
```

...a:

```Python
        ... "item_price": item.price ...
```

...e osserva come il tuo editor di testo autocompleterà gli attributi e sarà in grado di riconoscere i loro tipi:

![editor support](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/vscode-completion.png)

    response = client.post("/items/", json={"name": "Foo", "price": 3})
    assert response.status_code == 200
    assert response.json() == {
        "name": "Foo",
        "price": 3,
        "description": None,
        "tax": None,
    }


def test_post_invalid_item():
    response = client.post("/items/", json={"name": "Foo", "price": "invalid price"})
    assert response.status_code == 422

    }


@needs_py310
def test_invalid_price(client: TestClient):
    response = client.put("/items/5", json={"item": {"name": "Foo", "price": -3.0}})
    assert response.status_code == 422
    assert response.json() == IsDict(
        {
            "detail": [
                {
                    "type": "greater_than",
                    "loc": ["body", "item", "price"],
                    "msg": "Input should be greater than 0",

    }


def test_invalid_price(client: TestClient):
    response = client.put("/items/5", json={"item": {"name": "Foo", "price": -3.0}})
    assert response.status_code == 422
    assert response.json() == IsDict(
        {
            "detail": [
                {
                    "type": "greater_than",
                    "loc": ["body", "item", "price"],
                    "msg": "Input should be greater than 0",

    }


@needs_py310
def test_invalid_price(client: TestClient):
    response = client.put("/items/5", json={"item": {"name": "Foo", "price": -3.0}})
    assert response.status_code == 422
    assert response.json() == IsDict(
        {
            "detail": [
                {
                    "type": "greater_than",
                    "loc": ["body", "item", "price"],
                    "msg": "Input should be greater than 0",