```

Le paramètre de requête `q` a pour type `Union[str, None]` (ou `str | None` en Python 3.10), signifiant qu'il est de type `str` mais pourrait aussi être égal à `None`, et bien sûr, la valeur par défaut est `None`, donc **FastAPI** saura qu'il n'est pas requis.

!!! note
    **FastAPI** saura que la valeur de `q` n'est pas requise grâce à la valeur par défaut `= None`.

        serialization_alias: Union[str, None] = None,
        title: Optional[str] = None,
        description: Optional[str] = None,
        gt: Optional[float] = None,
        ge: Optional[float] = None,
        lt: Optional[float] = None,
        le: Optional[float] = None,
        min_length: Optional[int] = None,
        max_length: Optional[int] = None,
        pattern: Optional[str] = None,
        regex: Annotated[

        Doc(
            """
            'Whitelist' validation step. The parameter field will be the single one
            allowed by the alias or set of aliases defined.
            """
        ),
    ] = None,
    serialization_alias: Annotated[
        Union[str, None],
        Doc(
            """
            'Blacklist' validation step. The vanilla parameter field will be the

    ```

👥 ✔️ ❎ 🔢 💲 `None` 🔢 ⏮️ `Query()`, 👥 💪 🔜 ⚒ 🔢 💲 ⏮️ 🔢 `Query(default=None)`, ⚫️ 🍦 🎏 🎯 ⚖ 👈 🔢 💲.

:

```Python
q: Union[str, None] = Query(default=None)
```

...⚒ 🔢 📦, 🎏:

```Python
q: Union[str, None] = None
```

& 🐍 3️⃣.1️⃣0️⃣ & 🔛:

```Python
q: str | None = Query(default=None)
```

...⚒ 🔢 📦, 🎏:

```Python

                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        scheme_name: Annotated[
            Optional[str],
            Doc(
                """
                Security scheme name.

                It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        scopes: Annotated[

    name: str
    price: Optional[float] = None
    owner_ids: Optional[List[int]] = None


@app.get("/items/invalid", response_model=Item)
def get_invalid():
    return {"name": "invalid", "price": "foo"}


@app.get("/items/invalidnone", response_model=Item)
def get_invalid_none():
    return None


@app.get("/items/validnone", response_model=Union[Item, None])
def get_valid_none(send_none: bool = False):
    if send_none:

class Token(BaseModel):
    access_token: str
    token_type: str


class TokenData(BaseModel):
    username: Union[str, None] = None


class User(BaseModel):
    username: str
    email: Union[str, None] = None
    full_name: Union[str, None] = None
    disabled: Union[bool, None] = None


class UserInDB(User):
    hashed_password: str


pwd_context = CryptContext(schemes=["bcrypt"], deprecated="auto")

class Token(BaseModel):
    access_token: str
    token_type: str


class TokenData(BaseModel):
    username: Union[str, None] = None


class User(BaseModel):
    username: str
    email: Union[str, None] = None
    full_name: Union[str, None] = None
    disabled: Union[bool, None] = None


class UserInDB(User):
    hashed_password: str


pwd_context = CryptContext(schemes=["bcrypt"], deprecated="auto")

            """
        ),
    ]


class HTTPBase(SecurityBase):
    def __init__(
        self,
        *,
        scheme: str,
        scheme_name: Optional[str] = None,
        description: Optional[str] = None,
        auto_error: bool = True,
    ):
        self.model = HTTPBaseModel(scheme=scheme, description=description)
        self.scheme_name = scheme_name or self.__class__.__name__

def create_response_field(
    name: str,
    type_: Type[Any],
    class_validators: Optional[Dict[str, Validator]] = None,
    default: Optional[Any] = Undefined,
    required: Union[bool, UndefinedType] = Undefined,
    model_config: Type[BaseConfig] = BaseConfig,
    field_info: Optional[FieldInfo] = None,
    alias: Optional[str] = None,
    mode: Literal["validation", "serialization"] = "validation",
) -> ModelField:
    """