expectedClosure.putEdge(N2, N1);
    expectedClosure.putEdge(N2, N2);
    expectedClosure.putEdge(N2, N3);
    expectedClosure.putEdge(N2, N4);
    expectedClosure.putEdge(N3, N1);
    expectedClosure.putEdge(N3, N2);
    expectedClosure.putEdge(N3, N3);
    expectedClosure.putEdge(N3, N4);
    expectedClosure.putEdge(N4, N1);
    expectedClosure.putEdge(N4, N2);
    expectedClosure.putEdge(N4, N3);
    expectedClosure.putEdge(N4, N4);

    addEdge(N1, N2, E12);
    assertThat(successors).containsExactlyElementsIn(network.successors(N1));
  }

  @Test
  public void edges_containsOrderMismatch() {
    addEdge(N1, N2, E12);
    EndpointPair<Integer> endpointsN1N2 = EndpointPair.unordered(N1, N2);
    EndpointPair<Integer> endpointsN2N1 = EndpointPair.unordered(N2, N1);
    assertThat(network.asGraph().edges()).doesNotContain(endpointsN1N2);

    putEdge(N1, N2);
    assertThat(graph.successors(N1)).containsExactly(N2);
    // Edge direction handled correctly
    assertThat(graph.successors(N2)).isEmpty();
  }

  @Test
  public void incidentEdges_oneEdge() {
    putEdge(N1, N2);
    EndpointPair<Integer> expectedEndpoints = EndpointPair.ordered(N1, N2);
    assertThat(graph.incidentEdges(N1)).containsExactly(expectedEndpoints);

    // for ug1, add e12 first, then e12_a
    g1.addEdge(N1, N2, E12);
    g1.addEdge(N1, N2, E12_A);

    // for ug2, add e12_a first, then e12
    g2.addEdge(N1, N2, E12_A);
    g2.addEdge(N1, N2, E12);

    assertThat(g1).isEqualTo(g2);
  }

  @Test
  public void equivalent_edgeDirectionsDiffer() {
    network.addEdge(N1, N2, E12);

    MutableNetwork<Integer, String> g2 = createNetwork(edgeType);

    directedGraph.putEdge(N1, N2);
    containsExactlySanityCheck(edges, EndpointPair.ordered(N1, N2));

    directedGraph.putEdge(N2, N1);
    containsExactlySanityCheck(edges, EndpointPair.ordered(N1, N2), EndpointPair.ordered(N2, N1));

    directedGraph.removeEdge(N1, N2);
    directedGraph.removeEdge(N2, N1);
    containsExactlySanityCheck(edges);

    assertThrows(

    directedGraph.putEdge(N1, N2);
    containsExactlySanityCheck(edges, EndpointPair.ordered(N1, N2));

    directedGraph.putEdge(N2, N1);
    containsExactlySanityCheck(edges, EndpointPair.ordered(N1, N2), EndpointPair.ordered(N2, N1));

    directedGraph.removeEdge(N1, N2);
    directedGraph.removeEdge(N2, N1);
    containsExactlySanityCheck(edges);

    assertThrows(

    assertThat(graph.predecessors(N2)).containsExactly(N1);
    assertThat(graphAsMutableGraph.removeEdge(N1, N2)).isTrue();
    assertThat(graphAsMutableGraph.removeEdge(N1, N2)).isFalse();
    assertThat(graph.successors(N1)).isEmpty();
    assertThat(graph.predecessors(N2)).isEmpty();
  }

  @Test
  public void removeEdge_oneOfMany() {
    assume().that(graphIsMutable()).isTrue();

    putEdge(N1, N2);

    // for ug1, add e12 first, then e12_a
    g1.addEdge(N1, N2, E12);
    g1.addEdge(N1, N2, E12_A);

    // for ug2, add e12_a first, then e12
    g2.addEdge(N1, N2, E12_A);
    g2.addEdge(N1, N2, E12);

    assertThat(g1).isEqualTo(g2);
  }

  @Test
  public void equivalent_edgeDirectionsDiffer() {
    network.addEdge(N1, N2, E12);

    MutableNetwork<Integer, String> g2 = createNetwork(edgeType);

    putEdge(N1, N2);
    assertThat(graph.successors(N1)).containsExactly(N2);
    assertThat(graph.successors(N2)).containsExactly(N1);
  }

  @Test
  public void incidentEdges_oneEdge() {
    putEdge(N1, N2);
    EndpointPair<Integer> expectedEndpoints = EndpointPair.unordered(N1, N2);
    assertThat(graph.incidentEdges(N1)).containsExactly(expectedEndpoints);
    assertThat(graph.incidentEdges(N2)).containsExactly(expectedEndpoints);
  }

    putEdge(N1, N2);
    assertThat(graph.successors(N1)).containsExactly(N2);
    // Edge direction handled correctly
    assertThat(graph.successors(N2)).isEmpty();
  }

  @Test
  public void incidentEdges_oneEdge() {
    putEdge(N1, N2);
    EndpointPair<Integer> expectedEndpoints = EndpointPair.ordered(N1, N2);
    assertThat(graph.incidentEdges(N1)).containsExactly(expectedEndpoints);