Iterator<String> iterator = Lists.newArrayList("manny", "mo", "jack").iterator();
    assertEquals(1, Iterators.indexOf(iterator, Predicates.equalTo("mo")));
    assertEquals("jack", iterator.next());
    assertFalse(iterator.hasNext());
  }

  public void testIndexOf_consumedDataWithDuplicates() {
    Iterator<String> iterator = Lists.newArrayList("manny", "mo", "mo", "jack").iterator();

## Intro

**FastAPI** wouldn't exist if not for the previous work of others.

There have been many tools created before that have helped inspire its creation.

I have been avoiding the creation of a new framework for several years. First I tried to solve all the features covered by **FastAPI** using many different frameworks, plug-ins, and tools.

So, the thief won't be able to try to use that password in another system (as many users use the same password everywhere, this would be dangerous).

## Install `passlib`

PassLib is a great Python package to handle password hashes.

It supports many secure hashing algorithms and utilities to work with them.

The recommended algorithm is "Bcrypt".

So, install PassLib with Bcrypt:

One particular advantage that is not necessarily obvious is that you can **generate clients** (sometimes called <abbr title="Software Development Kits">**SDKs**</abbr> ) for your API, for many different **programming languages**.

## OpenAPI Client Generators

There are many tools to generate clients from **OpenAPI**.

## Benchmarks and speed

When you check the benchmarks, it is common to see several tools of different types compared as equivalent.

Specifically, to see Uvicorn, Starlette and FastAPI compared together (among many other tools).

The simpler the problem solved by the tool, the better performance it will get. And most of the benchmarks don't test the additional features provided by the tool.

The hierarchy is like:

const (
	HasOne    RelationshipType = "has_one"      // HasOneRel has one relationship
	HasMany   RelationshipType = "has_many"     // HasManyRel has many relationship
	BelongsTo RelationshipType = "belongs_to"   // BelongsToRel belongs to relationship
	Many2Many RelationshipType = "many_to_many" // Many2ManyRel many to many relationship
	has       RelationshipType = "has"
)

type Relationships struct {
	HasOne    []*Relationship

* There can be **multiple processes** of the **same program** running at the same time.

If you check out the "task manager" or "system monitor" (or similar tools) in your operating system, you will be able to see many of those processes running.

In many cases you might already know the answer for those questions. 🤓

If you are helping a lot of people with their questions, you will become an official [FastAPI Expert](fastapi-people.md#fastapi-experts){.internal-link target=_blank}. 🎉

Here is the reference for it and its parameters.

You can import it directly from `fastapi`:

```python
from fastapi import Depends
```

::: fastapi.Depends

## `Security()`

For many scenarios, you can handle security (authorization, authentication, etc.) with dependencies, using `Depends()`.

But when you want to also declare OAuth2 scopes, you can use `Security()` instead of `Depends()`.

On Windows, [EvalSymlinks] no longer evaluates mount points,
which was a source of many inconsistencies and bugs.
This behavior is controlled by the `winsymlink` setting.
For Go 1.23, it defaults to `winsymlink=1`.
Previous versions default to `winsymlink=0`.

On Windows, [EvalSymlinks] no longer tries to normalize
volumes to drive letters, which was not always even possible.
This behavior is controlled by the `winreadlinkvolume` setting.