* **Uvicorn**:
    * Will have the best performance, as it doesn't have much extra code apart from the server itself.

# Extra Models

Continuing with the previous example, it will be common to have more than one related model.

This is especially the case for user models, because:

* The **input model** needs to be able to have a password.
* The **output model** should not have a password.
* The **database model** would probably need to have a hashed password.

!!! danger
    Never store user's plaintext passwords. Always store a "secure hash" that you can then verify.

In this case, you could want to document how that external API *should* look like. What *path operation* it should have, what body it should expect, what response it should return, etc.

## An app with callbacks

Let's see all this with an example.

Imagine you develop an app that allows creating invoices.

These invoices will have an `id`, `title` (optional), `customer`, and `total`.

## Separating tests

In a real application, you probably would have your tests in a different file.

And your **FastAPI** application might also be composed of several files/modules, etc.

### **FastAPI** app file

                available, instead of erroring out, the dependency result will be
                `None`.

                This is useful when you want to have optional authentication.

                It is also useful when you want to have authentication that can be
                provided in one of multiple optional ways (for example, in a query
                parameter or in an HTTP Bearer token).
                """

## Dataclasses in Nested Data Structures

You can also combine `dataclasses` with other type annotations to make nested data structures.

In some cases, you might still have to use Pydantic's version of `dataclasses`. For example, if you have errors with the automatically generated API documentation.

In that case, you can simply swap the standard `dataclasses` with `pydantic.dataclasses`, which is a drop-in replacement:

// PodRedirectionEnabled determines if a pod should or should not be configured
// to have traffic redirected thru the node proxy.
func PodRedirectionEnabled(namespace *corev1.Namespace, pod *corev1.Pod) bool {
	if namespace.GetLabels()[constants.DataplaneMode] != constants.DataplaneModeAmbient {
		// Namespace does not have ambient mode enabled
		return false
	}
	if podHasSidecar(pod) {

On Windows, the mode bits reported by [Lstat] and [Stat] for
reparse points changed. Mount points no longer have [ModeSymlink] set,
and reparse points that are not symlinks, Unix sockets, or dedup files
now always have [ModeIrregular] set.
This behavior is controlled by the `winsymlink` setting.
For Go 1.23, it defaults to `winsymlink=1`.

        assertNotNull(res.getClasspath(), "null classpath after compile transform");
        assertEquals(3, res.getClasspath().size(), "compile classpath should have 3 entries");
    }

    // ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    @Test
    void testRuntimeClasspathTransform() throws Exception {
        ClasspathContainer res;

                    "operationId": "read_items_items__get",
                    "parameters": [
                        {
                            "description": "Query string for the items to search in the database that have a good match",
                            "required": False,
                            "deprecated": True,
                            "schema": IsDict(
                                {