Instead, an Istio specific field like `ExpectedTLSIdentity: spiffe://foo.bar` can encode the same information, at a fraction of the cost.

In our testing, even the most generous representations give custom types a 10x edge (in size, allocations, and CPU time) over Envoy types.

* If you are feeling too generous, you can try to **create an example** like that yourself, just based on the description of the problem. Just keep in mind that this might take a lot of time and it might be better to ask them to clarify the problem first.

#### Generic types

These types that take type parameters in square brackets are called **Generic types** or **Generics**, for example:

=== "Python 3.10+"

    You can use the same builtin types as generics (with square brackets and types inside):

    * `list`
    * `tuple`
    * `set`
    * `dict`

#### Generic tipler

Köşeli parantez içinde tip parametreleri alan bu türler, örneğin:

* `List`
* `Tuple`
* `Set`
* `Dict`
* `Optional`
* ...and others.

**Generic types** yada  **Generics** olarak adlandırılır.

### Tip olarak Sınıflar

Bir değişkenin tipini bir sınıf ile bildirebilirsiniz.

Diyelim ki  `name` değerine sahip `Person` sınıfınız var:

```Python hl_lines="1-3"

   * {@code [1]} and {@code [1, 1]}).
   */
  // Note: 90% of the time we don't add type parameters or wildcards that serve only to "tweak" the
  // desired return type. However, *nested* generics introduce a special class of problems that we
  // think tip it over into being worthwhile.
  public static <T extends @Nullable Object, S extends T> Comparator<Iterable<S>> lexicographical(
      Comparator<T> comparator) {

      @TestDataPath("$PROJECT_ROOT")
      public class Generics {
        @Test
        public void testAllFilesPresentInGenerics() {
          KtTestUtil.assertAllTestsPresentByMetadataWithExcluded(this.getClass(), new File("analysis/analysis-api/testData/referenceResolve/kDoc/extensions/generics"), Pattern.compile("^([^.]+)\\.kt$"), null, true);
        }

    ```Python hl_lines="1"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial009_py310.py!}
    ```

#### Generic типи

Ці типи, які приймають параметри типу у квадратних дужках, називаються **Generic types** or **Generics**, наприклад:

=== "Python 3.8 і вище"

    * `List`
    * `Tuple`
    * `Set`
    * `Dict`
    * `Union`
    * `Optional`
    * ...та інші.

=== "Python 3.9 і вище"

 * used; or if the class exposes a public parameter-less constructor then it will be "new"d and
 * returned.
 *
 * <p>All default instances returned by {@link #get} are generics-safe. Clients won't get type
 * errors for using {@code get(Comparator.class)} as a {@code Comparator<Foo>}, for example.
 * Immutable empty instances are returned for collection types; {@code ""} for string; {@code 0} for

 * used; or if the class exposes a public parameter-less constructor then it will be "new"d and
 * returned.
 *
 * <p>All default instances returned by {@link #get} are generics-safe. Clients won't get type
 * errors for using {@code get(Comparator.class)} as a {@code Comparator<Foo>}, for example.
 * Immutable empty instances are returned for collection types; {@code ""} for string; {@code 0} for

        qualifier: KtSimpleNameExpression,
        wholeTypeFir: FirResolvedTypeRef
    ): ClassId? {
        val qualifierToResolve = qualifier.parent as KtUserType
        // FIXME make it work with generics in functional types (like () -> AA.BB<CC, AA.DD>)
        val wholeType = when (val psi = wholeTypeFir.psi) {
            is KtUserType -> psi
            is KtTypeReference -> psi.typeElement?.unwrapNullability() as? KtUserType