*
 * <p>For up-to-date Unicode character properties (digit, letter, etc.) and support for
 * supplementary code points, use ICU4J UCharacter and UnicodeSet (freeze() after building). For
 * basic text processing based on UnicodeSet use the ICU4J UnicodeSetSpanner.
 *
 * <p>Example usages:
 *
 * <pre>

    // a multithreaded environment for a couple of reasons:
    //
    // 1. Subscribers to events posted on different threads can be interleaved with each other
    //    freely. (A event on one thread, B event on another could yield any of
    //    [a1, a2, a3, b1, b2], [a1, b2, a2, a3, b2], [a1, b2, b3, a2, a3], etc.)

import java.nio.charset.Charset;

/**
 * Contains constant definitions for the six standard {@link Charset} instances, which are
 * guaranteed to be supported by all Java platform implementations.
 *
 * <p>Assuming you're free to choose, note that <b>{@link #UTF_8} is widely preferred</b>.
 *
 * <p>See the Guava User Guide article on <a
 * href="https://github.com/google/guava/wiki/StringsExplained#charsets">{@code Charsets}</a>.
 *

      RunnableExecutorPair list;
      synchronized (this) {
        if (executed) {
          return;
        }
        executed = true;
        list = runnables;
        runnables = null; // allow GC to free listeners even if this stays around for a while.
      }
      while (list != null) {
        executeListener(list.runnable, list.executor);
        list = list.next;
      }
    }

    suite.addTest(
        MapTestSuiteBuilder.using(
                new TestTypeToInstanceMapGenerator() {
                  // Other tests will verify what real, warning-free usage looks like
                  // but here we have to do some serious fudging
                  @Override
                  @SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "rawtypes"})

   */
  public static <N> boolean hasCycle(Graph<N> graph) {
    int numEdges = graph.edges().size();
    if (numEdges == 0) {
      return false; // An edge-free graph is acyclic by definition.
    }
    if (!graph.isDirected() && numEdges >= graph.nodes().size()) {
      return true; // Optimization for the undirected case: at least one cycle must exist.
    }

  public static boolean fuzzyEquals(double a, double b, double tolerance) {
    MathPreconditions.checkNonNegative("tolerance", tolerance);
    return Math.copySign(a - b, 1.0) <= tolerance
        // copySign(x, 1.0) is a branch-free version of abs(x), but with different NaN semantics
        || (a == b) // needed to ensure that infinities equal themselves
        || (Double.isNaN(a) && Double.isNaN(b));
  }

  /**

   * in no particular order.
   *
   * <p>The returned array will be "safe" in that no references to it are maintained by this queue.
   * (In other words, this method must allocate a new array). The caller is thus free to modify the
   * returned array.
   *
   * <p>This method acts as bridge between array-based and collection-based APIs.
   *
   * @return an array containing all of the elements in this queue
   */

 *
 * <p>For up-to-date Unicode character properties (digit, letter, etc.) and support for
 * supplementary code points, use ICU4J UCharacter and UnicodeSet (freeze() after building). For
 * basic text processing based on UnicodeSet use the ICU4J UnicodeSetSpanner.
 *
 * <p>Example usages:
 *
 * <pre>

it hurried off, without waiting for the end of the song.

  `What trial is it?' Alice panted as she ran; but the Gryphon
only answered `Come on!' and ran the faster, while more and more
faintly came, carried on the breeze that followed them, the
melancholy words:--

    `Soo--oop of the e--e--evening,
        Beautiful, beautiful Soup!'



                           CHAPTER XI