def cause1 = new RuntimeException()
        def cause2 = new RuntimeException()
        def failure = new TestMultiCauseException('message', [])
        failure.initCauses([cause1, cause2])

        expect:
        failure.cause == cause1
        failure.causes == [cause1, cause2]
    }

    def printStackTraceWithMultipleCauses() {
        RuntimeException cause1 = new RuntimeException('cause1')

        Exception cause2 = new RuntimeException("loop") {
            @Override
            public synchronized Throwable getCause() {
                return causeRef.get();
            }
        };
        causeRef.set(cause2);

        Plugin plugin = new Plugin();
        Exception cause = new PluginContainerException(plugin, null, null, cause2);
        cause2.initCause(cause);

        def cause1 = new DefaultMultiCauseException("<cause1>", new RuntimeException("<cause1.1>"), new RuntimeException("<cause1.2>"))
        def cause2 = new DefaultMultiCauseException("<cause2>", new RuntimeException("<cause2.1>"))
        Throwable exception = new LocationAwareException(new DefaultMultiCauseException(MESSAGE, cause1, cause2), LOCATION, 42)

        expect:

        transformedFailure.lineNumber == null
    }

    def 'wraps contextual multi cause exception with location aware exception'() {
        given:
        def cause1 = new ContextualException()
        def cause2 = new ContextualException()
        def failure = new ContextualMultiCauseException(cause1, cause2)
        def result = []

        when:
        analyser().collectFailures(failure, result)

                Throwable cause = exception.getCause();

                if (cause instanceof PluginContainerException) {
                    Throwable cause2 = cause.getCause();

                    if (cause2 instanceof NoClassDefFoundError) {
                        String message = cause2.getMessage();

        and:
        transported.cause.cause.class == RuntimeException.class
        transported.cause.cause.message == "nested"
        transported.cause.cause.stackTrace == cause.stackTrace
    }

    def "replaces unserializable exception field with placeholder"() {
        def cause = new RuntimeException()
        def original = new BrokenReadObjectException("message", cause)

//   - if childContext is canceled with cause2 before parentContext is canceled with cause1,
//     then Cause(parentContext) == cause1 and Cause(childContext) == cause2
type CancelCauseFunc func(cause error)

// WithCancelCause behaves like [WithCancel] but returns a [CancelCauseFunc] instead of a [CancelFunc].
// Calling cancel with a non-nil error (the "cause") records that error in ctx;
// it can then be retrieved using Cause(ctx).

package clause

// Interface clause interface
type Interface interface {
	Name() string
	Build(Builder)
	MergeClause(*Clause)
}

// ClauseBuilder clause builder, allows to customize how to build clause
type ClauseBuilder func(Clause, Builder)

type Writer interface {
	WriteByte(byte) error
	WriteString(string) (int, error)
}

// Builder builder interface
type Builder interface {
	Writer
	WriteQuoted(field interface{})

        Throwable cause = causes.get(0);
        printWriter.print("Caused by: ");
        cause.printStackTrace(printWriter);
    }

    private void printMultiCauseStackTrace(PrintWriter printWriter) {
        for (int i = 0; i < causes.size(); i++) {
            Throwable cause = causes.get(i);
            printWriter.format("Cause %s: ", i + 1);
            cause.printStackTrace(printWriter);
        }

     *
     * @param message The detail message, may be {@code null}.
     * @param repository The repository that caused the error, may be {@code null}.
     * @param cause The cause, may be {@code null}.
     */
    public InvalidRepositoryException(String message, Repository repository, Throwable cause) {
        super(message, cause);
        this.repository = repository;