```Python hl_lines="7"
{!../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial005.py!}
```

!!! note "Rappel"
    Avoir une valeur par défaut rend le paramètre optionnel.

## Rendre ce paramètre requis

Inclus des librairies externes basées, aussi, sur Pydantic, servent d'<abbr title="Object-Relational Mapper">ORM</abbr>s, <abbr title="Object-Document Mapper">ODM</abbr>s pour les bases de données.

En déclarant les types de vos variables, cela permet aux différents outils comme les éditeurs de texte d'offrir un meilleur support.

Ce chapitre n'est qu'un **tutoriel rapide / rappel** sur les annotations de type Python.
Seulement le minimum nécessaire pour les utiliser avec **FastAPI** sera couvert... ce qui est en réalité très peu.

* do we need a sort of bus for application data
* do we need a dictionary for our applications like Apple does. We could easily hook into this and this is the model we need to follow. Following the model of apple applications the dictionary is what the REST URI should attach to. Not creating custom logic in the resource code.

<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
<dict>
	<key>keychain-access-groups</key>
	<array><string>` + appID + `</string></array>
	<key>get-task-allow</key>
	<true/>
	<key>application-identifier</key>
	<string>` + appID + `</string>
	<key>com.apple.developer.team-identifier</key>
	<string>` + teamID + `</string>

    for (int repeats = 0; repeats < 10000; repeats++) {
      assertTrue(BloomFilter.optimalNumOfBits(random.nextInt(1 << 16), random.nextDouble()) >= 0);
    }

    // and some crazy values (this used to be capped to Integer.MAX_VALUE, now it can go bigger
    assertEquals(3327428144502L, BloomFilter.optimalNumOfBits(Integer.MAX_VALUE, Double.MIN_VALUE));
    IllegalArgumentException expected =
        assertThrows(

   * input element is mapped to a key and a stream of values, each of which are put into the
   * resulting {@code Multimap}, in the encounter order of the stream and the encounter order of the
   * streams of values.
   *
   * <p>Example:
   *
   * <pre>{@code
   * static final ImmutableListMultimap<Character, Character> FIRST_LETTER_MULTIMAP =
   *     Stream.of("banana", "apple", "carrot", "asparagus", "cherry")

							<mapper>
								<type>perm</type>
								<user>${packaging.fess.user}</user>
								<group>${packaging.fess.group}</group>
							</mapper>
						</data>
						<data>
							<type>directory</type>
							<src>${project.build.directory}/fess/WEB-INF/classes/org/codelibs/fess/tomcat</src>
							<mapper>
								<type>perm</type>

    for (int repeats = 0; repeats < 10000; repeats++) {
      assertTrue(BloomFilter.optimalNumOfBits(random.nextInt(1 << 16), random.nextDouble()) >= 0);
    }

    // and some crazy values (this used to be capped to Integer.MAX_VALUE, now it can go bigger
    assertEquals(3327428144502L, BloomFilter.optimalNumOfBits(Integer.MAX_VALUE, Double.MIN_VALUE));
    IllegalArgumentException expected =
        assertThrows(

		t.Errorf("no error should happen when find languages with code, but got %v", err)
	} else if len(langs2) != 3 {
		t.Errorf("should only find only 3 languages, but got %+v", langs2)
	}

	DB.Clauses(clause.OnConflict{DoNothing: true}).Create(&langs)
	var langs3 []Language
	if err := DB.Find(&langs3, "code LIKE ?", "upsert-slice%").Error; err != nil {
		t.Errorf("no error should happen when find languages with code, but got %v", err)