if result.RowsAffected != int64(len(users)) {
		t.Errorf("affected rows should be %v, but got %v", len(users), result.RowsAffected)
	}

	for _, user := range users {
		if user.ID == 0 {
			t.Fatalf("failed to fill user's ID, got %v", user.ID)
		} else {
			var newUser User
			if err := DB.Where("id = ?", user.ID).Preload(clause.Associations).First(&newUser).Error; err != nil {
				t.Fatalf("errors happened when query: %v", err)

	DB.Create(&user)

	query := DB.Model(&User{}).Joins("Company")
	// Bug happens when .Count is called on a query.
	// Removing the below two lines or downgrading to gorm v1.20.12 will make this test pass.
	var total int64
	query.Count(&total)

	var result User

	// Incorrectly generates a 'SELECT *' query which causes companies.id to overwrite users.id

)

// Model specify the model you would like to run db operations
//
//	// update all users's name to `hello`
//	db.Model(&User{}).Update("name", "hello")
//	// if user's primary key is non-blank, will use it as condition, then will only update that user's name to `hello`
//	db.Model(&user).Update("name", "hello")
func (db *DB) Model(value interface{}) (tx *DB) {
	tx = db.getInstance()
	tx.Statement.Model = value
	return
}

		if products[idx].Price != value {
			t.Errorf("invalid price for product #%v, expects: %v, got %v", idx, value, products[idx].Price)
		}
	}

	DB.Model(&products).Update("Name", "product-name")

	// will set all product's price to last product's price + 10
	for idx, value := range []int64{410, 410, 410} {
		if products[idx].Price != value {

package tests_test

import (
	"testing"

	. "gorm.io/gorm/utils/tests"
)

func TestExceptionsWithInvalidSql(t *testing.T) {
	if name := DB.Dialector.Name(); name == "sqlserver" {
		t.Skip("skip sqlserver due to it will raise data race for invalid sql")
	}

	var columns []string
	if DB.Where("sdsd.zaaa = ?", "sd;;;aa").Pluck("aaa", &columns).Error == nil {
		t.Errorf("Should got error with invalid SQL")
	}

	dialect := DB.Dialector.Name()
	switch dialect {
	case "mysql", "sqlserver":
		// these dialects do not support the "returning" clause
		return
	default:
		// This user struct will leverage the existing users table, but override
		// the Name field to default to null.
		type user struct {
			gorm.Model
			Name string `gorm:"default:null"`
		}
		u1 := user{}

	Warn(context.Context, string, ...interface{})
	Error(context.Context, string, ...interface{})
	Trace(ctx context.Context, begin time.Time, fc func() (sql string, rowsAffected int64), err error)
}

var (
	// Discard logger will print any log to io.Discard
	Discard = New(log.New(io.Discard, "", log.LstdFlags), Config{})
	// Default Default logger
	Default = New(log.New(os.Stdout, "\r\n", log.LstdFlags), Config{

	return
}

// FirstOrCreate finds the first matching record, otherwise if not found creates a new instance with given conds.
// Each conds must be a struct or map.
//
// Using FirstOrCreate in conjunction with Assign will result in an update to the database even if the record exists.
//
//	// assign an email if the record is not found
//	result := db.Where(User{Name: "non_existing"}).Attrs(User{Email: "******@****.***"}).FirstOrCreate(&user)

			}
			test.checkFunc(t)
		})
	}

	if DB.Dialector.Name() != "sqlserver" {
		// In SQLServer, If an index or constraint depends on the column,
		// this column will not be able to run ALTER
		// see https://stackoverflow.com/questions/19460912/the-object-df-is-dependent-on-column-changing-int-to-double/19461205#19461205

			t.Fatalf("Should find saved record")
		}

		return errors.New("the error message")
	})

	if err != nil && err.Error() != "the error message" {
		t.Fatalf("Transaction return error will equal the block returns error")
	}

	if err := DB.First(&User{}, "name = ?", "transaction-block").Error; err == nil {
		t.Fatalf("Should not find record after rollback")
	}

	// commit