private final char[] unknown = new char[] {'?'};

          @Override
          protected char[] escapeUnsafe(char c) {
            return unknown;
          }
        };
    EscaperAsserts.assertBasic(replacingEscaper);

    // Replacements are applied first regardless of whether the character is in
    // the safe range or not ('&' is a safe char while '\t' and '\n' are not).
    assertEquals(

    // read char by char
    CharSequenceReader reader = new CharSequenceReader(charSequence);
    for (int i = 0; i < expected.length(); i++) {
      assertEquals(expected.charAt(i), reader.read());
    }
    assertFullyRead(reader);

    // read all to one array
    reader = new CharSequenceReader(charSequence);
    char[] buf = new char[expected.length()];

   */
  public static char toLowerCase(char c) {
    return isUpperCase(c) ? (char) (c ^ CASE_MASK) : c;
  }

  /**
   * Returns a copy of the input string in which all {@linkplain #isLowerCase(char) lowercase ASCII
   * characters} have been converted to uppercase. All other characters are copied without
   * modification.
   */
  public static String toUpperCase(String string) {
    int length = string.length();

@ElementTypesAreNonnullByDefault
final class SmallCharMatcher extends NamedFastMatcher {
  static final int MAX_SIZE = 1023;
  private final char[] table;
  private final boolean containsZero;
  private final long filter;

  private SmallCharMatcher(char[] table, long filter, boolean containsZero, String description) {
    super(description);
    this.table = table;
    this.filter = filter;

  private final char[][] replacements;
  // The number of elements in the replacement array.
  private final int replacementsLength;
  // The first code point in the safe range.
  private final int safeMin;
  // The last code point in the safe range.
  private final int safeMax;

  // Cropped values used in the fast path range checks.
  private final char safeMinChar;
  private final char safeMaxChar;

  @Override
  Hasher putBoolean(boolean b);

  @CanIgnoreReturnValue
  @Override
  Hasher putChar(char c);

  /**
   * Equivalent to processing each {@code char} value in the {@code CharSequence}, in order. In
   * other words, no character encoding is performed; the low byte and high byte of each {@code
   * char} are hashed directly (in that order). The input must not be updated while this method is
   * in progress.
   *

   *
   * @since 20.0 (varargs overload since 2.0)
   */
  public static void checkArgument(
      boolean expression, String errorMessageTemplate, char p1, char p2) {
    if (!expression) {
      throw new IllegalArgumentException(lenientFormat(errorMessageTemplate, p1, p2));
    }
  }

  /**

@ElementTypesAreNonnullByDefault
public class TreeTraverserTest extends TestCase {
  private static class Node {
    final char value;

    Node(char value) {
      this.value = value;
    }
  }

  private static final class Tree extends Node {
    final List<Tree> children;

    public Tree(char value, Tree... children) {
      super(value);
      this.children = Arrays.asList(children);
    }
  }

  }

  private static CharMatcher.IsEither isEither(char c1, char c2) {
    return new CharMatcher.IsEither(c1, c2);
  }

  /** Implementation of {@link #anyOf(CharSequence)} for exactly two characters. */
  private static final class IsEither extends FastMatcher {

    private final char match1;
    private final char match2;

    IsEither(char match1, char match2) {
      this.match1 = match1;

  }

  public void testCharsIgnored() {
    for (char c : IGNORED.toCharArray()) {
      String str = String.valueOf(c);
      assertEquals(str, c, Ascii.toLowerCase(c));
      assertEquals(str, c, Ascii.toUpperCase(c));
      assertFalse(str, Ascii.isLowerCase(c));
      assertFalse(str, Ascii.isUpperCase(c));
    }
  }

  public void testCharsLower() {
    for (char c : LOWER.toCharArray()) {
      String str = String.valueOf(c);