assertEquals(rootCause, finalException.getCause().getCause());
        assertEquals("Final error", finalException.getMessage());
        assertEquals("Intermediate", intermediateCause.getMessage());
        assertEquals("Root error", rootCause.getMessage());
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Should preserve stack trace")
    void testStackTracePreservation() {
        // When

        // Then
        assertTrue(exception.getMessage().toLowerCase().contains("sharing") || exception.getMessage().toLowerCase().contains("violation")
                || exception.getMessage().toLowerCase().contains("used") || exception.getMessage().toLowerCase().contains("being used")
                || exception.getMessage().toLowerCase().contains("process"));
    }

    @Test

        // Verify messages
        assertEquals("Top level", topLevel.getMessage());
        assertEquals("Level 1", level1.getMessage());
        assertEquals("Level 2", level2.getMessage());
        assertEquals("Level 3 - Root cause", level3.getMessage());
    }

    /**
     * Test serialization
     */
    public void test_serialization() throws Exception {

            // If exception thrown, validation is working
            assertTrue(e.getMessage().contains("Invalid negotiate context data length") || e.getMessage().contains("Buffer too small")
                    || e.getMessage().contains("negotiate context"), "Validation detected issue: " + e.getMessage());
        }
    }

    /**
     * Test negotiate context buffer overflow protection.
     */

        assertNotNull(exception);
        assertEquals(message, exception.getMessage());
        assertNull(exception.getCause());

        // Test with empty string
        TransportException emptyException = new TransportException("");
        assertEquals("", emptyException.getMessage());

        // Test with null message

        assertEquals(message, ex.getMessage());
        assertEquals(cause, ex.getCause());
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Should handle null message and/or cause without throwing")
    void testNullInputs() {
        assertDoesNotThrow(() -> {
            SpnegoException ex1 = new SpnegoException((String) null);
            assertNotNull(ex1);
            assertNull(ex1.getMessage());
            assertNull(ex1.getCause());

                    e.getMessage().contains("Word") || e.getMessage().contains("extract"));
        } catch (final RuntimeException e) {
            // POI may throw IllegalArgumentException or other RuntimeExceptions
            // for invalid data, which is also acceptable
            assertNotNull("Exception message should not be null", e.getMessage());
        }
    }

    /**

            TransportException wrapper = new TransportException("Wrapper", original);

            assertEquals("Wrapper", wrapper.getMessage());
            assertEquals(original, wrapper.getRootCause());
            assertEquals(originalMessage, ((TransportException) wrapper.getRootCause()).getMessage());
        }
    }

        assertEquals(message, exception.getMessage());
        assertSame(cause, exception.getCause());
        assertTrue(exception instanceof RuntimeException);
    }

    @Test
    public void testConstructorWithNullMessage() {
        CurlException exception = new CurlException(null);

        assertNull(exception.getMessage());
        assertNull(exception.getCause());
    }

    @Test

                UnresolvableModelException.class,
                () -> newModelResolver().resolveModel(parent),
                "Expected 'UnresolvableModelException' not thrown.");
        assertNotNull(e.getMessage());
        assertTrue(e.getMessage().contains("Could not find artifact org.apache:apache:pom:0 in central"));
    }

    @Test
    void testResolveParentThrowsUnresolvableModelExceptionWhenNoMatchingVersionFound() throws Exception {