codePointString: String,
    encoding: UrlComponentEncodingTester.Encoding,
    component: Component,
  ) {
    testToUrl(codePoint, encoding, component)
    testFromUrl(codePoint, encoding, component)
    testUri(codePoint, codePointString, encoding, component)
  }

  private fun testToUrl(
    codePoint: Int,
    encoding: UrlComponentEncodingTester.Encoding,
    component: Component,
  ) {

 */
fun String.escapeDataString(): String =
  buildString {
    for (codePoint in this@escapeDataString.codePoints()) {
      when (codePoint) {
        in 0..0x20,
        '"'.code,
        '$'.code,
        '\\'.code,
        '·'.code,
        127,
        -> append(String.format("\\u%04x", codePoint))

        else -> appendCodePoint(codePoint)
      }
    }

    utf8Lengths.put(MAX_CODE_POINT, 4);

    Integer[] codePoints = utf8Lengths.keySet().toArray(new Integer[] {});
    StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
    Random rnd = new Random();
    for (int trial = 0; trial < 100; trial++) {
      sb.setLength(0);
      int utf8Length = 0;
      for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {
        Integer randomCodePoint = codePoints[rnd.nextInt(codePoints.length)];
        sb.appendCodePoint(randomCodePoint);

    apply {
      for (i in 0..127) {
        encodings[i] = encoding
      }
    }

  fun override(
    encoding: Encoding,
    vararg codePoints: Int,
  ) = apply {
    for (codePoint in codePoints) {
      encodings[codePoint] = encoding
    }
  }

  fun nonPrintableAscii(encoding: Encoding) =
    apply {
      encodings[ 0x0] = encoding // Null character

      StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
      for (int j = 0; j < charCount; j++) {
        int codePoint;
        // discard illegal surrogate "codepoints"
        do {
          codePoint = rnd.nextInt(maxCodePoint.value);
        } while (Character.isSurrogate((char) codePoint));
        sb.appendCodePoint(codePoint);
      }
      strings[i] = sb.toString();
    }
  }

  @Benchmark

        if (byte2 > (byte) 0xBF
            // Overlong? 5 most significant bits must not all be zero.
            || (byte1 == (byte) 0xE0 && byte2 < (byte) 0xA0)
            // Check for illegal surrogate codepoints.
            || (byte1 == (byte) 0xED && byte2 >= (byte) 0xA0)
            // Third byte trailing-byte test.
            || bytes[index++] > (byte) 0xBF) {
          return false;
        }
      } else {

  if (mapping.hasSingleSourceCodePoint) {
    val sourceCodePoint = mapping.sourceCodePoint0
    val mappedCodePoints =
      mapping.mappedTo
        .utf8()
        .codePoints()
        .toList()
    if (mappedCodePoints.size == 1) {
      val codePointDelta = mappedCodePoints.single() - sourceCodePoint
      if (MappedRange.InlineDelta.MAX_VALUE >= abs(codePointDelta)) {

): String {
  var codePoint: Int
  var i = pos
  while (i < limit) {
    codePoint = codePointAt(i)
    if (codePoint < 0x20 ||
      codePoint == 0x7f ||
      codePoint >= 0x80 &&
      !unicodeAllowed ||
      codePoint.toChar() in encodeSet ||
      codePoint == '%'.code &&
      (!alreadyEncoded || strict && !isPercentEncoded(i, limit)) ||
      codePoint == '+'.code &&
      plusIsSpace

  private static long codePointToFourUtf8Bytes(int codePoint) {
    // codePoint has at most 21 bits
    return ((0xFL << 4) | (codePoint >>> 18))
        | ((0x80L | (0x3F & (codePoint >>> 12))) << 8)
        | ((0x80L | (0x3F & (codePoint >>> 6))) << 16)
        | ((0x80L | (0x3F & codePoint)) << 24);
  }

  private static long charToThreeUtf8Bytes(char c) {
    return ((0x7L << 5) | (c >>> 12))

  private static long codePointToFourUtf8Bytes(int codePoint) {
    // codePoint has at most 21 bits
    return ((0xFL << 4) | (codePoint >>> 18))
        | ((0x80L | (0x3F & (codePoint >>> 12))) << 8)
        | ((0x80L | (0x3F & (codePoint >>> 6))) << 16)
        | ((0x80L | (0x3F & codePoint)) << 24);
  }

  private static long charToThreeUtf8Bytes(char c) {
    return ((0x7L << 5) | (c >>> 12))