});

        // Test throwing and catching with cause
        RuntimeException cause = new RuntimeException("Cause");
        TransportException thrown = assertThrows(TransportException.class, () -> {
            throw new TransportException(cause);
        });
        assertEquals(cause, thrown.getCause());

        // Test throwing and catching with message and cause

     * The abort flag is set to false by default.
     *
     * @param url the URL where the crawling error occurred
     * @param message the error message
     * @param cause the underlying exception that caused this error
     */
    public DataStoreCrawlingException(final String url, final String message, final Throwable cause) {
        this(url, message, cause, false);
    }

        void testGetRootCause() {
            Exception rootCause = new IllegalStateException("Test root cause");
            TransportException exception = new TransportException("Message", rootCause);

            assertEquals(rootCause, exception.getRootCause());
        }

        @Test
        @DisplayName("Should return null when no root cause")
        void testGetRootCauseWhenNull() {

        // Arrange - use a real cause so message is derived from cause.toString()
        Throwable cause = new IllegalStateException("proto mismatch");
        String expectedMessage = cause.toString();

        // Act
        SMBProtocolDowngradeException ex = new SMBProtocolDowngradeException(cause);

        // Assert - cause preserved, message derived from cause
        assertSame(cause, ex.getCause());

        // Expect the message to be set correctly and cause to be null
        assertEquals(errorMessage, e.getMessage());
        assertNull(e.getCause());
    }

    /**
     * Test the constructor with a cause.
     */
    @Test
    void testCauseConstructor() {
        Throwable cause = new RuntimeException("Root cause");
        PACDecodingException e = new PACDecodingException(cause);

    void testToStringWithRootCause() {
        RuntimeException cause = new RuntimeException("boom");
        SmbException ex = new SmbException(0, cause);
        assertTrue(ex.toString().contains("RuntimeException"), "String representation must include the root cause stack trace");
    }

    /**
     * Verify that {@link #toString()} with no root cause equals the default

    @DisplayName("Message+Cause ctor: propagates message/cause and unsuccessful status")
    void messageAndCauseConstructor_setsMessageCause_andUnsuccessfulStatus(String msg) {
        // Arrange
        Throwable cause = new IllegalStateException("root cause");

        // Act
        SMBSignatureValidationException ex = new SMBSignatureValidationException(msg, cause);

        // Assert
        if (msg == null) {

        // Then
        assertSame(cause, exception.getCause(), "Crypto cause should be preserved");
        assertEquals(cause.toString(), exception.getMessage(), "Message should be cause.toString() when only cause is provided");
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Message and cause constructor should preserve both crypto parameters")
    void testMessageAndCauseConstructor() {

        }
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Cause-only constructor: preserves provided cause; no interactions with cause")
    void causeOnlyConstructor_preservesCause_andNoInteractions() {
        // Arrange & Act
        SMBProtocolDecodingException ex = new SMBProtocolDecodingException(mockCause);

        // Assert cause propagation
        assertSame(mockCause, ex.getCause(), "Cause should be exactly the provided instance");

     * @param message The detailed error message explaining the cause of the exception
     */
    public SsoProcessException(final String message) {
        super(message);
    }

    /**
     * Constructs a new SSO process exception with the specified detailed message and cause.
     *
     * @param message The detailed error message explaining the cause of the exception
     * @param cause The underlying exception that caused this SSO process exception