TestResponseProcessor processor1 = new TestResponseProcessor();
        testRule.setRuleId("originalId");
        testRule.setResponseProcessor(processor1);

        // Register
        testRule.register(0);

        // Verify initial state
        Rule registeredRule = ruleManager.getRules().get(0);
        assertEquals("originalId", registeredRule.getRuleId());
        assertSame(processor1, registeredRule.getResponseProcessor());

        // Test that modifying the original values array doesn't affect the parameter
        String name = "immutableParam";
        String[] originalValues = { "original1", "original2" };
        RequestParameter param = new RequestParameter(name, originalValues);

        // Get values and verify they match
        String[] retrievedValues = param.getValues();
        assertEquals("original1", retrievedValues[0]);

            when(decodeBuffer.dec_ndr_small()).thenReturn((int) originalSid.revision, (int) originalSid.sub_authority_count,
                    (int) originalSid.identifier_authority[0], (int) originalSid.identifier_authority[1],
                    (int) originalSid.identifier_authority[2], (int) originalSid.identifier_authority[3],

        // Ensure changes to derived buffer don't affect original's index/start
        derivedBuffer.advance(5);
        assertEquals(15, derivedBuffer.index);
        assertEquals(50, ndrBuffer.index); // Original index should be unchanged
    }

    @Test
    void testReset() {
        ndrBuffer.advance(100);
        ndrBuffer.setLength(150);
        ndrBuffer.reset();

There are some scenarios where you might want to override a dependency during testing.

You don't want the original dependency to run (nor any of the sub-dependencies it might have).

Instead, you want to provide a different dependency that will be used only during tests (possibly only some specific tests), and will provide a value that can be used where the value of the original dependency was used.

### Use cases: external service { #use-cases-external-service }

        data[0] = 99;
        assertFalse(original.equals(copy), "After mutation, original should not equal previous clone");

        // Ensure arrays are independent: mutate clone's buffer via getter
        copy.get()[1] = 77;
        assertNotEquals(original.toString(), copy.toString(), "Mutating clone should not affect original");
    }

     */
    @ParameterizedTest
    @ValueSource(ints = { 0, 42, 255, -1, 128 })
    void encodeDecodeRoundTrip(int original) throws Exception {
        // The constructor masks to 0xFF (8 bits)
        int expected = original & 0xFF;
        NdrShort ns = new NdrShort(original);
        buf.reset();
        ns.encode(buf); // should not throw

        // After encoding, check how many bytes were used

        // Verify it returns a clone, not the original
        password[0] = 'X';
        char[] password2 = authenticator.getPasswordAsCharArray();
        assertNotEquals(password[0], password2[0], "Should return a clone, not the original");
    }

    @Test
    public void testPasswordConstructorWithCharArray() {

    assertSame(Ordering.natural(), copy.comparator());
  }

  public void testCopyOf() {
    Map<String, Integer> original = new LinkedHashMap<>();
    original.put("one", 1);
    original.put("two", 2);
    original.put("three", 3);

    ImmutableSortedMap<String, Integer> copy = ImmutableSortedMap.copyOf(original);
    assertMapEquals(copy, "one", 1, "three", 3, "two", 2);
    assertSame(copy, ImmutableSortedMap.copyOf(copy));

  static <E> Set<E> reserializeAndAssertLenient(Set<E> original) {
    Set<E> copy = reserialize(original);
    assertEquals(original, copy);
    assertTrue(copy instanceof ImmutableSet);
    return copy;
  }

  @CanIgnoreReturnValue
  @GwtIncompatible // SerializableTester
  static <E> Multiset<E> reserializeAndAssertLenient(Multiset<E> original) {
    Multiset<E> copy = reserialize(original);
    assertEquals(original, copy);