assertEquals(message, exception.getMessage());
        assertNotNull(exception.getCause());
        assertTrue(exception.getCause() instanceof Error);
        assertTrue(exception.getCause() instanceof OutOfMemoryError);
        assertEquals("Not enough memory for SSO login", exception.getCause().getMessage());
    }

    @Test
    public void test_constructorWithThrowableCause_StackOverflowError() {

        assertEquals(message, exception.getMessage());
        assertEquals(middleCause, exception.getCause());
        assertEquals(rootCause, exception.getCause().getCause());
    }

    @Test
    public void test_exceptionSerialization() {
        // Test that the exception is serializable
        String message = "Serialization test";

        final LlmException exception = new LlmException("Top level error", middleCause);

        assertEquals("Top level error", exception.getMessage());
        assertSame(middleCause, exception.getCause());
        assertSame(rootCause, exception.getCause().getCause());
    }

    @Test
    public void test_nullMessage() {
        final LlmException exception = new LlmException(null);
        assertNull(exception.getMessage());
    }

        // Verify the exception chain
        assertNotNull(runtimeException);
        assertEquals(servletException, runtimeException.getCause());
        assertEquals(rootCause, servletException.getCause());

        // Verify messages in the chain
        assertTrue(runtimeException.getMessage().contains(ServletException.class.getName()));

        // Verify cause chain is preserved
        assertEquals(middleCause, exception.getCause());
        assertEquals(rootCause, exception.getCause().getCause());
    }

    @Test
    public void test_emptyMessage() {
        // Setup
        final String message = "";

        final SsoMessageException exception = new SsoMessageException(messageCode, message, middleCause);

        // Verify cause chain
        assertEquals(middleCause, exception.getCause());
        assertEquals(rootCause, exception.getCause().getCause());
    }

    @Test
    public void test_emptyMessage() {
        // Setup
        final String message = "";

        } catch (RuntimeException e) {
            assertEquals("Wrapper exception", e.getMessage());
            assertNotNull(e.getCause());
            assertTrue(e.getCause() instanceof FessUserNotFoundException);
            assertEquals("User is not found: testuser", e.getCause().getMessage());
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void test_multipleInstances() {

            assertEquals(1, result.intValue());
        } catch (Exception e) {
            // Expected behavior when components are not fully initialized
            assertTrue(e.getCause() instanceof NullPointerException || e.getCause() instanceof ContainerNotAvailableException);
        } finally {
            tempPropFile.delete();
        }
    }

    @Test

        InvalidAccessTokenException exception = new InvalidAccessTokenException(type, message);

        assertEquals(type, exception.getType());
        assertEquals(message, exception.getMessage());
        assertNull(exception.getCause());
    }

    @Test
    public void test_constructor_withNullType() {
        // Test constructor with null type
        String type = null;
        String message = "Token validation failed";

        assertNull(exception.getCause());
    }

    @Test
    public void test_constructor_withEmptyMessage() {
        // Test with empty message
        String message = "";
        UnsupportedSearchException exception = new UnsupportedSearchException(message);

        assertEquals(message, exception.getMessage());
        assertNull(exception.getCause());
    }

    @Test