assertNotSame(exception1, exception2);
        assertNotSame(exception2, exception3);
        assertNotSame(exception1, exception3);

        assertEquals("Error 1", exception1.getMessage());
        assertEquals("Error 2", exception2.getMessage());
        assertEquals("Error 3", exception3.getMessage());
    }

    @Test

        assertNull(exception.getMessage());
        assertNull(exception.getCause());
    }

    @Test
    public void test_constructor_withEmptyMessage() {
        // Test with empty message
        String message = "";
        LdapConfigurationException exception = new LdapConfigurationException(message);

        assertNotNull(exception);
        assertEquals(message, exception.getMessage());

        UserRoleLoginException exception1 = new UserRoleLoginException(RootAction.class);
        UserRoleLoginException exception2 = new UserRoleLoginException(RootAction.class);

        assertNotSame(exception1, exception2);
        assertEquals(exception1.getActionClass(), exception2.getActionClass());
        assertSame(RootAction.class, exception1.getActionClass());

        ResultOffsetExceededException exception1 = new ResultOffsetExceededException("First instance");
        ResultOffsetExceededException exception2 = new ResultOffsetExceededException("Second instance");
        ResultOffsetExceededException exception3 = new ResultOffsetExceededException("Third instance");

        assertNotSame(exception1, exception2);
        assertNotSame(exception2, exception3);

        String message1 = "First exception";
        String message2 = "Second exception";

        UnsupportedSearchException exception1 = new UnsupportedSearchException(message1);
        UnsupportedSearchException exception2 = new UnsupportedSearchException(message2);

        assertNotSame(exception1, exception2);
        assertEquals(message1, exception1.getMessage());

        FessUserNotFoundException exception1 = new FessUserNotFoundException("user1");
        FessUserNotFoundException exception2 = new FessUserNotFoundException("user2");

        assertNotSame(exception1, exception2);
        assertFalse(exception1.getMessage().equals(exception2.getMessage()));
        assertEquals("User is not found: user1", exception1.getMessage());

        String message = "Session expired";
        InvalidAccessTokenException exception = new InvalidAccessTokenException(type, message);

        assertTrue(exception instanceof FessSystemException);
        assertTrue(exception instanceof RuntimeException);
        assertTrue(exception instanceof Exception);
        assertTrue(exception instanceof Throwable);
    }

    @Test
    public void test_throwAndCatch() {

        // Test that different instances are not equal
        DictionaryExpiredException exception1 = new DictionaryExpiredException();
        DictionaryExpiredException exception2 = new DictionaryExpiredException();

        assertNotSame(exception1, exception2);
        assertFalse(exception1.equals(exception2));
        assertTrue(exception1.equals(exception1));
    }

    @Test
    public void test_hashCode() {

        SearchQueryException exception1 = new SearchQueryException("Exception 1");
        SearchQueryException exception2 = new SearchQueryException("Exception 2", new Exception("Cause 2"));
        SearchQueryException exception3 = new SearchQueryException(new Exception("Cause 3"));

        assertNotSame(exception1, exception2);
        assertNotSame(exception2, exception3);
        assertNotSame(exception1, exception3);

    Exception exception = new RuntimeException("test");
    UncheckedExecutionException e =
        assertThrows(
            UncheckedExecutionException.class,
            () -> timeLimiter.callWithTimeout(callableThrowing(exception), DELAY_MS, MILLISECONDS));
    assertThat(e).hasCauseThat().isEqualTo(exception);
  }

  public void testCallUninterruptiblyWithTimeout_propagatesReturnValue() throws Exception {
    String result =