// filter flags

    /**
     * Any file name change in the watched directory or subtree causes a change notification wait operation to return.
     * Changes include renaming, creating, or deleting a file.
     */
    int FILE_NOTIFY_CHANGE_FILE_NAME = 0x00000001;

    /**
     * Any directory-name change in the watched directory or subtree causes a change notification wait operation to

public abstract class ThreadUtil {

    private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(ThreadUtil.class);

    /**
     * Do not instantiate.
     */
    protected ThreadUtil() {
    }

    /**
     * Causes the currently executing thread to sleep (temporarily cease execution) for the specified number of milliseconds.
     *
     * @param millis
     *            the length of time to sleep in milliseconds

   * @return an unmodifiable list containing the cause chain starting with {@code throwable}
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if there is a loop in the causal chain
   */
  public static List<Throwable> getCausalChain(Throwable throwable) {
    checkNotNull(throwable);
    List<Throwable> causes = new ArrayList<>(4);
    causes.add(throwable);

        assertEquals("Malformed kerberos ticket", exception.getMessage(), "The exception message should indicate a malformed ticket.");
    }

    /**
     * Test constructor with an empty token.
     * Empty token causes readObject() to return null, which leads to NullPointerException.
     */
    @Test
    void testConstructor_EmptyToken() {
        // 1. GIVEN
        byte[] emptyToken = new byte[0];

        scoreUpdater.execute();

        // Due to integer overflow in comparator, execution order is affected for extreme values
        // The comparator b2 - b1 with MAX_VALUE and MIN_VALUE causes overflow
        List<Integer> executionOrder = PriorityTrackingBooster.getExecutionOrder();
        assertEquals(3, executionOrder.size());
        assertEquals(Integer.valueOf(Integer.MIN_VALUE), executionOrder.get(0));

        assertEquals(message, exception.getMessage());
        assertNull(exception.getCause());
    }

    public void test_constructor_withNestedCause() {
        // Test with nested exception causes
        Exception rootCause = new IllegalArgumentException("Root cause");
        Exception middleCause = new IllegalStateException("Middle cause", rootCause);

        @Test
        @DisplayName("Null delegate causes NullPointerException during construction")
        void nullDelegate_throwsNPE() throws Exception {
            SmbFile parent = newParent();
            assertThrows(NullPointerException.class, () -> new ShareEnumIterator(parent, null, null));
        }

        @Test
        @DisplayName("Null parent with non-empty iterator causes NullPointerException during adapt")

        FessSystemException exception = new FessSystemException(cause);

        assertEquals(cause, exception.getCause());
        // When constructed with cause only, message contains the cause's toString()
        assertTrue(exception.getMessage().contains(cause.getClass().getName()));
        assertTrue(exception.getMessage().contains("Cause exception"));
    }

    public void test_constructor_withNullMessage() {

        assertEquals(longMessage, exception.getMessage());
        assertNull(exception.getCause());
    }

    public void test_constructor_withNestedCause() {
        // Test constructor with nested exception causes
        Exception rootCause = new IllegalStateException("Root cause");
        Exception middleCause = new RuntimeException("Middle cause", rootCause);
        String message = "Top level dictionary error";

        StorageException exception = new StorageException(message);

        assertEquals(message, exception.getMessage());
    }

    public void test_differentCauseTypes() {
        // Test with different types of causes
        StorageException exception1 = new StorageException("IO Error", new java.io.IOException("File not found"));
        assertTrue(exception1.getCause() instanceof java.io.IOException);