disk, err := newLocalXLStorage(tmpPath)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Initializing xlStorage failed with %s.", err)
	}

	// Attempt to create a volume to verify the permissions later.
	// MakeVol creates 0777.
	if err = disk.MakeVol(t.Context(), testCase.volName); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Creating a volume failed with %s expected to pass.", err)
	}

	// Stat to get permissions bits.

		m |= s_ISUID
	}
	if mode&fs.ModeSetgid != 0 {
		m |= s_ISGID
	}
	if mode&fs.ModeSticky != 0 {
		m |= s_ISVTX
	}
	return m | uint32(mode&0777)
}

func unixModeToFileMode(m uint32) fs.FileMode {
	mode := fs.FileMode(m & 0777)
	switch m & s_IFMT {
	case s_IFBLK:
		mode |= fs.ModeDevice
	case s_IFCHR:
		mode |= fs.ModeDevice | fs.ModeCharDevice
	case s_IFDIR:
		mode |= fs.ModeDir

// syscall.ENOENT (parent does not exist).
func reliableMkdirAll(dirPath string, mode os.FileMode, baseDir string) (err error) {
	i := 0
	for {
		// Creates all the parent directories, with mode 0777 mkdir honors system umask.
		if err = osMkdirAll(dirPath, mode, baseDir); err != nil {
			// Retry only for the first retryable error.
			if osIsNotExist(err) && i == 0 {
				i++

			Typeflag: TypeReg,
		},
		fm: 0644,
	}, {
		// symbolic link.
		h: &Header{
			Name:     "link.txt",
			Mode:     0777,
			Size:     0,
			ModTime:  time.Unix(1360600852, 0),
			Typeflag: TypeSymlink,
		},
		fm: 0777 | fs.ModeSymlink,
	}, {
		// character device node.
		h: &Header{
			Name:     "dev/null",
			Mode:     0666,
			Size:     0,

		0x00, 0x31, 0x31, 0x31, 0x32, 0x32, 0x32, 0x0a,
		0x50, 0x4b, 0x07, 0x08, 0x1d, 0x88, 0x77, 0xb0,
		0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
		0x50, 0x4b, 0x01, 0x02, 0x14, 0x03, 0x14, 0x00,
		0x08, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x6b, 0xb4, 0xba, 0x46,
		0x1d, 0x88, 0x77, 0xb0, 0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,
		0x07, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x03, 0x00, 0x18, 0x00,
		0x20, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00,

				ModTime:  time.Unix(1245217492, 0),
			}, nil},
			testWrite{"Google.com\n", 11, nil},

			testHeader{Header{
				Typeflag: TypeSymlink,
				Name:     "link.txt",
				Linkname: "small.txt",
				Mode:     0777,
				Uid:      1000,
				Gid:      1000,
				Uname:    "strings",
				Gname:    "strings",
				ModTime:  time.Unix(1314603082, 0),
			}, nil},
			testWrite{"", 0, nil},

			testClose{nil},
		},

		return err
	}

	if err = Access(volumeDir); err != nil {
		// Volume does not exist we proceed to create.
		if osIsNotExist(err) {
			// Make a volume entry, with mode 0777 mkdir honors system umask.
			err = mkdirAll(volumeDir, 0o777, s.drivePath)
		}
		if osIsPermission(err) {
			return errDiskAccessDenied
		} else if isSysErrIO(err) {
			return errFaultyDisk
		}
		return err
	}

				"mtime": "1350244992.023960108",
				"atime": "1350244992.023960108",
				"ctime": "1350244992.023960108",
			},
			Format: FormatPAX,
		}, {
			Name:       "a/b",
			Mode:       0777,
			Uid:        1000,
			Gid:        1000,
			Uname:      "shane",
			Gname:      "shane",
			Size:       0,
			ModTime:    time.Unix(1350266320, 910238425),
			ChangeTime: time.Unix(1350266320, 910238425),

	vectors := []struct {
		in   int64
		want string
		ok   bool
	}{
		// Test base-8 (octal) encoded values.
		{0, "0\x00", true},
		{7, "7\x00", true},
		{8, "\x80\x08", true},
		{077, "77\x00", true},
		{0100, "\x80\x00\x40", true},
		{0, "0000000\x00", true},
		{0123, "0000123\x00", true},
		{07654321, "7654321\x00", true},
		{07777777, "7777777\x00", true},

	if err != nil {
		err = msgp.WrapError(err, "LimitInBytesPerSecond")
		return
	}
	// write "CurrentBandwidthInBytesPerSecond"
	err = en.Append(0xd9, 0x20, 0x43, 0x75, 0x72, 0x72, 0x65, 0x6e, 0x74, 0x42, 0x61, 0x6e, 0x64, 0x77, 0x69, 0x64, 0x74, 0x68, 0x49, 0x6e, 0x42, 0x79, 0x74, 0x65, 0x73, 0x50, 0x65, 0x72, 0x53, 0x65, 0x63, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x64)
	if err != nil {
		return
	}
	err = en.WriteFloat64(z.CurrentBandwidthInBytesPerSecond)