}
    }
  }

  @GwtIncompatible // 2147483646^2 expected=4
  public void testPow() {
    for (int i : ALL_INTEGER_CANDIDATES) {
      for (int pow : EXPONENTS) {
        assertEquals(i + "^" + pow, BigInteger.valueOf(i).pow(pow).intValue(), IntMath.pow(i, pow));
      }
    }
  }

  @AndroidIncompatible // slow
  @GwtIncompatible // Math.floorDiv gets wrong answers for negative divisors

        .setExpectation(-Math.pow(2, 53), DOWN, CEILING, HALF_DOWN, HALF_EVEN)
        .setExpectation(nextDown(-Math.pow(2, 53)), FLOOR, UP, HALF_UP)
        .roundUnnecessaryShouldThrow()
        .test();
  }

  public void testRoundToDouble_negativeTwoToThe54MinusOne() {
    new RoundToDoubleTester(BigDecimal.valueOf((-1L << 54) - 1))
        .setExpectation(-Math.pow(2, 54), DOWN, CEILING, HALF_DOWN, HALF_UP, HALF_EVEN)

        .setExpectation(-Math.pow(2, 53), DOWN, CEILING, HALF_DOWN, HALF_EVEN)
        .setExpectation(nextDown(-Math.pow(2, 53)), FLOOR, UP, HALF_UP)
        .roundUnnecessaryShouldThrow()
        .test();
  }

  public void testRoundToDouble_negativeTwoToThe54MinusOne() {
    new RoundToDoubleTester(BigDecimal.valueOf((-1L << 54) - 1))
        .setExpectation(-Math.pow(2, 54), DOWN, CEILING, HALF_DOWN, HALF_UP, HALF_EVEN)

      }
    }
  }

  @GwtIncompatible // 2147483646^2 expected=4
  public void testPow() {
    for (int i : ALL_INTEGER_CANDIDATES) {
      for (int pow : EXPONENTS) {
        assertEquals(i + "^" + pow, BigInteger.valueOf(i).pow(pow).intValue(), IntMath.pow(i, pow));
      }
    }
  }

  @AndroidIncompatible // slow
  @GwtIncompatible // Math.floorDiv gets wrong answers for negative divisors

      case HALF_DOWN:
      case HALF_UP:
      case HALF_EVEN:
        // Since sqrt(10) is irrational, log10(x) - floorLog can never be exactly 0.5
        BigInteger x2 = x.pow(2);
        BigInteger halfPowerSquared = floorPow.pow(2).multiply(BigInteger.TEN);
        return (x2.compareTo(halfPowerSquared) <= 0) ? floorLog : floorLog + 1;
    }
    throw new AssertionError();
  }

      BigInteger x2 = x.pow(2);
      // x^2 < 10^(2 * result + 1), or else we would have rounded up
      assertThat(TEN.pow(2 * result + 1)).isGreaterThan(x2);
      // x^2 >= 10^(2 * result - 1), or else we would have rounded down
      assertTrue(result == 0 || TEN.pow(2 * result - 1).compareTo(x2) <= 0);
    }
  }

  @GwtIncompatible // TODO
  public void testLog10HalfDown() {

      nonnegative[i] = randomNonNegativeBigInteger(Integer.SIZE - 1).intValue();
      ints[i] = RANDOM_SOURCE.nextInt();
    }
  }

  @Benchmark
  int pow(int reps) {
    int tmp = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < reps; i++) {
      int j = i & ARRAY_MASK;
      tmp += IntMath.pow(positive[j], exponent[j]);
    }
    return tmp;
  }

  @Benchmark
  int mod(int reps) {
    int tmp = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < reps; i++) {

   * infinite {@code double} values are considered infinitely far away. For example, 2^2000 is not
   * representable as a double, but {@code roundToDouble(BigDecimal.valueOf(2).pow(2000), HALF_UP)}
   * will return {@code Double.MAX_VALUE}, not {@code Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY}.
   *
   * <p>For the case of {@link RoundingMode#HALF_EVEN}, this implementation uses the IEEE 754

      nonnegative[i] = randomNonNegativeBigInteger(Integer.SIZE - 1).intValue();
      ints[i] = RANDOM_SOURCE.nextInt();
    }
  }

  @Benchmark
  int pow(int reps) {
    int tmp = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < reps; i++) {
      int j = i & ARRAY_MASK;
      tmp += IntMath.pow(positive[j], exponent[j]);
    }
    return tmp;
  }

  @Benchmark
  int mod(int reps) {
    int tmp = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < reps; i++) {

    for (int i = 0; i < LongMath.halfPowersOf10.length; i++) {
      assertEquals(
          BigIntegerMath.sqrt(BigInteger.TEN.pow(2 * i + 1), FLOOR),
          BigInteger.valueOf(LongMath.halfPowersOf10[i]));
    }
    BigInteger nextBigger =
        BigIntegerMath.sqrt(BigInteger.TEN.pow(2 * LongMath.halfPowersOf10.length + 1), FLOOR);
    assertThat(nextBigger).isGreaterThan(BigInteger.valueOf(Long.MAX_VALUE));
  }