final Throwable[] causes = mcae.getCauses();
                if (causes.length > 0) {
                    t = causes[causes.length - 1];
                }
            }

            String errorName;
            final Throwable cause = t.getCause();
            if (cause != null) {
                errorName = cause.getClass().getCanonicalName();

   *
   * <p>Prefer this method instead of manually casting an exception's cause. For example, {@code
   * (IOException) e.getCause()} throws a {@link ClassCastException} that discards the original
   * exception {@code e} if the cause is not an {@link IOException}, but {@code
   * Throwables.getCauseAs(e, IOException.class)} keeps {@code e} as the {@link
   * ClassCastException}'s cause.
   *

   *
   * <p>Prefer this method instead of manually casting an exception's cause. For example, {@code
   * (IOException) e.getCause()} throws a {@link ClassCastException} that discards the original
   * exception {@code e} if the cause is not an {@link IOException}, but {@code
   * Throwables.getCauseAs(e, IOException.class)} keeps {@code e} as the {@link
   * ClassCastException}'s cause.
   *

        assertEquals("Thumbnail generation error", exception.getMessage());
        assertEquals(middleCause, exception.getCause());
        assertEquals("Processing failed", exception.getCause().getMessage());
        assertEquals(innerCause, exception.getCause().getCause());
        assertEquals("Invalid image format", exception.getCause().getCause().getMessage());
    }

    @Test
    public void test_serialization() {

        // Check first level cause
        assertNotNull(exception.getCause());
        assertEquals("Intermediate problem", exception.getCause().getMessage());

        // Check second level cause
        assertNotNull(exception.getCause().getCause());
        assertEquals("Root problem", exception.getCause().getCause().getMessage());
    }

    @Test
    public void test_messageWithSpecialCharacters() {

        assertEquals(message, exception.getMessage());
        assertEquals(middleCause, exception.getCause());
        assertEquals("Middle cause", exception.getCause().getMessage());
        assertEquals(rootCause, exception.getCause().getCause());
        assertEquals("Root cause", exception.getCause().getCause().getMessage());
    }

    @Test
    public void test_serialVersionUID() {

        assertEquals(message, exception.getMessage());
        assertNotNull(exception.getCause());
        assertTrue(exception.getCause() instanceof Error);
        assertTrue(exception.getCause() instanceof OutOfMemoryError);
        assertEquals("Not enough memory for SSO login", exception.getCause().getMessage());
    }

    @Test
    public void test_constructorWithThrowableCause_StackOverflowError() {

        assertEquals(level1, exception.getCause());
        assertEquals("Runtime error", exception.getCause().getMessage());
        assertEquals(level2, exception.getCause().getCause());
        assertEquals("Invalid state", exception.getCause().getCause().getMessage());
        assertEquals(level3, exception.getCause().getCause().getCause());
        assertEquals("Null value", exception.getCause().getCause().getCause().getMessage());
    }

        assertNotNull(exception);
        assertEquals("Top level error", exception.getMessage());
        assertEquals(middleCause, exception.getCause());
        assertEquals(rootCause, exception.getCause().getCause());
    }

    @Test
    public void test_stackTrace() {
        // Test that stack trace is properly set

        assertNotNull(exception.getCause());
        assertEquals(middleCause, exception.getCause());
        assertEquals("Middle cause", exception.getCause().getMessage());
        assertNotNull(exception.getCause().getCause());
        assertEquals(rootCause, exception.getCause().getCause());
        assertEquals("Root cause", exception.getCause().getCause().getMessage());
    }

    @Test