ExtendedSmbTree middle = smbTree.unwrap(ExtendedSmbTree.class);
        CustomSmbTree inner = middle.unwrap(CustomSmbTree.class);

        assertNotNull(middle, "Middle tree should not be null");
        assertNotNull(inner, "Inner tree should not be null");
        assertSame(middleTree, middle, "Should return correct middle tree");

        void testToStringWithNestedExceptions() {
            Exception innermost = new IOException("Innermost exception");
            Exception middle = new RuntimeException("Middle exception", innermost);
            Exception rootCause = new IllegalStateException("Outer exception", middle);
            TransportException exception = new TransportException("Transport failed", rootCause);

            String result = exception.toString();

    void testJoinWithEmptyStringElements() {
        String result = StringUtil.join(",", "", "middle", "");
        // First element is empty string (sb becomes "")
        // Second: sb.length() is 0, no delimiter, append "middle" (sb becomes "middle")
        // Third: sb.length() > 0, add delimiter + "" (sb becomes "middle,")
        assertEquals("middle,", result);
    }

    @Test

User-agent: SameLengthBot
Disallow: /page
Allow: /page

# Test multiple wildcards
User-agent: MultiWildcardBot
Disallow: /*.cgi*
Disallow: /*?*id=*

# Test literal $ in middle of pattern
User-agent: DollarBot
Disallow: /price$info

                Arguments.of(makeSeq(8), 0, 8, 0), // full copy at index 0
                Arguments.of(makeSeq(10), 2, 5, 3), // middle slice, non-zero dst index
                Arguments.of(makeSeq(4), 4, 0, 0), // zero-length slice at end
                Arguments.of(makeSeq(16), 7, 3, 0), // small slice from middle
                Arguments.of(makeSeq(16), 0, 0, 5) // zero-length with non-zero dst index
        );
    }

    }

    /**
     * Test getMessageByDcerpcError() with a known error code (middle element).
     */
    @Test
    void testGetMessageByDcerpcError_middleElement() {
        String message = DcerpcException.getMessageByDcerpcError(DcerpcError.DCERPC_FAULT_INVALID_TAG);
        assertEquals("DCERPC_FAULT_INVALID_TAG", message, "Should return correct message for middle element.");
    }

    /**

        int result = response.readParametersWireFormat(buffer, 0, 3);

        // Assert
        assertEquals(6, result);
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Test readParametersWireFormat ignores middle 2 bytes")
    void testReadParametersWireFormatIgnoresMiddleBytes() {
        // Arrange
        byte[] buffer = new byte[10];
        SMBUtil.writeInt2(200, buffer, 0);
        // These bytes should be ignored

        ruleManager.addRule(rule2);

        // Register at index 1
        testRule.setRuleId("middle");
        testRule.register(1);

        List<Rule> rules = ruleManager.getRules();
        assertEquals(3, rules.size());
        assertEquals("rule1", rules.get(0).getRuleId());
        assertEquals("middle", rules.get(1).getRuleId());
        assertEquals("rule2", rules.get(2).getRuleId());
    }

    /**

        NtTransQuerySecurityDesc cmd = new NtTransQuerySecurityDesc(fid, securityInformation);
        byte[] dst = new byte[15]; // Increased buffer size to accommodate offset + 8 bytes
        int offset = 3; // start in the middle to ensure no tail is overwritten
        int bytesWritten = cmd.writeParametersWireFormat(dst, offset);
        assertEquals(8, bytesWritten, "writeParametersWireFormat should write 8 bytes");

        assertEquals(withCauseException.getCause(), withCauseException.getRootCause());

        // Test with nested causes
        RuntimeException middleCause = new RuntimeException("Middle", rootCause);
        TransportException nestedCauseException = new TransportException("Nested", middleCause);
        assertEquals(middleCause, nestedCauseException.getRootCause());