// the slower pointer, then there's a loop.
    Throwable slowPointer = throwable;
    boolean advanceSlowPointer = false;

    Throwable cause;
    while ((cause = throwable.getCause()) != null) {
      throwable = cause;
      causes.add(throwable);

      if (throwable == slowPointer) {

    }

    public void test_constructor_withCause() {
        // Test with cause only
        Exception cause = new IllegalStateException("Underlying error");
        DataStoreException exception = new DataStoreException(cause);

        assertNotNull(exception);
        assertEquals(cause, exception.getCause());
        assertEquals("java.lang.IllegalStateException: Underlying error", exception.getMessage());

        // Test constructor with null message but valid cause
        Exception cause = new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid argument");
        DictionaryException exception = new DictionaryException(null, cause);

        assertNotNull(exception);
        assertNull(exception.getMessage());
        assertNotNull(exception.getCause());
        assertEquals(cause, exception.getCause());
    }

        // Test constructor with message and cause
        String message = "Storage operation failed";
        Exception cause = new RuntimeException("Underlying error");
        StorageException exception = new StorageException(message, cause);

        assertNotNull(exception);
        assertEquals(message, exception.getMessage());
        assertEquals(cause, exception.getCause());
    }

    assertSame(cause, getRootCause(exception));
  }

  public void testGetRootCause_loop() {
    Exception cause = new Exception();
    Exception exception = new Exception(cause);
    cause.initCause(exception);
    IllegalArgumentException expected =
        assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> getRootCause(cause));
    assertThat(expected).hasCauseThat().isSameInstanceAs(cause);
  }

            executionOrder.clear();
        }
    }

    // Test class that causes NullPointerException
    private static class NullPointerScoreBooster extends ScoreBooster {
        @Override
        public long process() {
            // This will cause NullPointerException when auto-unboxing
            Long nullValue = null;
            return nullValue;
        }
    }

    assertSame(cause, getRootCause(exception));
  }

  public void testGetRootCause_loop() {
    Exception cause = new Exception();
    Exception exception = new Exception(cause);
    cause.initCause(exception);
    IllegalArgumentException expected =
        assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> getRootCause(cause));
    assertThat(expected).hasCauseThat().isSameInstanceAs(cause);
  }

    checkFromStringCase("google.com:25\t", 1, null, 99, false);
    checkFromStringCase("google.com:0x25 ", 1, null, 99, false);
  }

  public void testFromStringUnparseableNonsense() {
    // Some nonsense that causes parse failures.
    checkFromStringCase("[goo.gl]", 1, null, 99, false);
    checkFromStringCase("[goo.gl]:80", 1, null, 99, false);
    checkFromStringCase("[", 1, null, 99, false);

    checkFromStringCase("google.com:25\t", 1, null, 99, false);
    checkFromStringCase("google.com:0x25 ", 1, null, 99, false);
  }

  public void testFromStringUnparseableNonsense() {
    // Some nonsense that causes parse failures.
    checkFromStringCase("[goo.gl]", 1, null, 99, false);
    checkFromStringCase("[goo.gl]:80", 1, null, 99, false);
    checkFromStringCase("[", 1, null, 99, false);

    assertSame(EXCEPTION, record.getThrown());
  }

  public void testConcurrentModification() throws Exception {
    // Tests for the absence of a bug where logging while iterating over the
    // stored log records causes a ConcurrentModificationException
    assertTrue(handler.getStoredLogRecords().isEmpty());
    ExampleClassUnderTest.foo();
    ExampleClassUnderTest.foo();
    for (LogRecord unused : handler.getStoredLogRecords()) {