However, further setup is required to run tests or programs directly on a device.

First make sure you have a valid developer certificate and have setup your device properly
to run apps signed by your developer certificate. Then install the libimobiledevice and
ideviceinstaller tools from https://www.libimobiledevice.org/. Use the HEAD versions from
source; the stable versions have bugs that prevents the Go exec wrapper to install and run
apps.

You can change/extend these stubs, and tests should not be breaking too much, since most tests
assert using expected values from the stubs. Normally, when you try to use data from the stubs that
have not been properly populated, you'll get a nullpointer in your test and you then have to
identify which stub creates that specific piece of data.

The most important stubs are:
LifecycleExecutionPlanCalculatorStub
ProjectDependencyGraphStub

And `threading.local` is not compatible with the new async features of modern Python.

!!! note "Technical Details"
    `threading.local` is used to have a "magic" variable that has a different value for each thread.

  /*
   * Ideally, this class would have exposed only constructors that require a non-null cause. See
   * https://github.com/jspecify/jspecify-reference-checker/blob/61aafa4ae52594830cfc2d61c8b113009dbdb045/src/main/java/com/google/jspecify/nullness/NullSpecTransfer.java#L789
   * and https://github.com/jspecify/jspecify/issues/490.
   *
   * (Perhaps it should also have required that its cause was a RuntimeException. However, that

// GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
// along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

package replication

import (
	"encoding/xml"

	"github.com/minio/minio-go/v7/pkg/tags"
)

var errInvalidFilter = Errorf("Filter must have exactly one of Prefix, Tag, or And specified")

What inspired **FastAPI**, how it compares to alternatives and what it learned from them.

## Intro

**FastAPI** wouldn't exist if not for the previous work of others.

There have been many tools created before that have helped inspire its creation.

I have been avoiding the creation of a new framework for several years. First I tried to solve all the features covered by **FastAPI** using many different frameworks, plug-ins, and tools.

# Async Tests

You have already seen how to test your **FastAPI** applications using the provided `TestClient`. Up to now, you have only seen how to write synchronous tests, without using `async` functions.

* Maven test harness for plugin execution model
* Eclipse IDE tooling for plugin execution model and metadata model

- we also seem to have information like the plugin lifecycle model that's buried inside the maven execution model
- we also seem to have artifact information tangled inside the plugin model
- we have to deal with scripting implementations (groovy, beanshell, ruby)
- we need to deal with a shared context for plugins, like the guarded mojos

async def create_item(item: Item):
    """
    Create an item with all the information:

    - **name**: each item must have a name
    - **description**: a long description
    - **price**: required
    - **tax**: if the item doesn't have tax, you can omit this
    - **tags**: a set of unique tag strings for this item
    """

    attributes:
      value: "Please answer these questions before submitting your issue. Thanks!"
  - type: input
    id: package-path
    attributes:
      label: "What is the path of the package that you would like to have removed?"
      description: |
        We can remove packages with a shared path prefix.
        For example, a request for 'github.com/author' would remove all pkg.go.dev pages with that package path prefix.
    validations: