You can add middleware to **FastAPI** applications.

A "middleware" is a function that works with every **request** before it is processed by any specific *path operation*. And also with every **response** before returning it.

* It takes each **request** that comes to your application.
* It can then do something to that **request** or run any needed code.

    super.setUp();
    timeLimiter = new FakeTimeLimiter();
  }

  public void testCallWithTimeout_propagatesReturnValue() throws Exception {
    String result =
        timeLimiter.callWithTimeout(Callables.returning(RETURN_VALUE), DELAY_MS, MILLISECONDS);

    assertThat(result).isEqualTo(RETURN_VALUE);
  }

  public void testCallWithTimeout_wrapsCheckedException() throws Exception {

    }

    /**
     * ClassWorld Launcher "enhanced" entry point: returning exitCode and accepts Class World.
     */
    public static int main(String[] args, ClassWorld world) throws IOException {
        return new MavenUpCling(world).run(args, null, null, null, false);
    }

    /**
     * ClassWorld Launcher "embedded" entry point: returning exitCode and accepts Class World and streams.
     */
    public static int main(

        }
    }

    @Nested
    @DisplayName("Interface Method Contract Tests")
    class InterfaceMethodContractTests {

        @Test
        @DisplayName("Should define getSID method returning SID")
        void shouldDefineMethods() {
            ACE ace = mock(ACE.class);
            SID mockSid = mock(SID.class);
            when(ace.getSID()).thenReturn(mockSid);

    assertFalse(task.isDone());
    task.run();
    assertTrue(task.isDone());
    assertFalse(task.isCancelled());
    assertEquals(2, getDone(task).intValue());
  }

  public void testCancelled() throws Exception {
    TrustedListenableFutureTask<Integer> task = TrustedListenableFutureTask.create(returning(2));
    assertFalse(task.isDone());
    task.cancel(false);

**FastAPI** provides the same `starlette.responses` as `fastapi.responses` just as a convenience for you, the developer. But most of the available responses come directly from Starlette.

///

## Returning a custom `Response` { #returning-a-custom-response }

    super.setUp();
    timeLimiter = new FakeTimeLimiter();
  }

  public void testCallWithTimeout_propagatesReturnValue() throws Exception {
    String result =
        timeLimiter.callWithTimeout(Callables.returning(RETURN_VALUE), DELAY_MS, MILLISECONDS);

    assertThat(result).isEqualTo(RETURN_VALUE);
  }

  public void testCallWithTimeout_wrapsCheckedException() throws Exception {

    }

    /**
     * ClassWorld Launcher "enhanced" entry point: returning exitCode and accepts Class World.
     */
    public static int main(String[] args, ClassWorld world) throws IOException {
        return new MavenCling(world).run(args, null, null, null, false);
    }

    /**
     * ClassWorld Launcher "embedded" entry point: returning exitCode and accepts Class World and streams.
     */
    public static int main(

    // (We're relying on callers to call this method only with an edge that's in the graph.)
    return requireNonNull(outEdgeMap.get(edge));
  }

  @Override
  public N removeInEdge(E edge, boolean isSelfLoop) {
    if (isSelfLoop) {
      checkNonNegative(--selfLoopCount);
    }
    N previousNode = inEdgeMap.remove(edge);

public class CallablesTest extends TestCase {

  @J2ktIncompatible // TODO(b/324550390): Enable
  public void testReturning() throws Exception {
    assertThat(Callables.returning(null).call()).isNull();

    Object value = new Object();
    Callable<Object> callable = Callables.returning(value);
    assertThat(callable.call()).isEqualTo(value);
    // Expect the same value on subsequent calls
    assertThat(callable.call()).isEqualTo(value);
  }