"required": ["p"],
        "title": body_model_name,
        "type": "object",
    }


@pytest.mark.parametrize("json", [None, {}])
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
    "path",
    ["/required-str", "/model-required-str"],
)
def test_required_str_missing(path: str, json: dict[str, Any] | None):
    client = TestClient(app)
    response = client.post(path, json=json)
    assert response.status_code == 422

async def router_decorator_depends():
    return {"in": "router-decorator-depends"}


app.include_router(router)

client = TestClient(app)


async def overrider_dependency_simple(q: str | None = None):
    return {"q": q, "skip": 5, "limit": 10}


async def overrider_sub_dependency(k: str):
    return {"k": k}


async def overrider_dependency_with_sub(msg: dict = Depends(overrider_sub_dependency)):

# Without aliases


@app.post("/optional-str", operation_id="optional_str")
async def read_optional_str(p: Annotated[str | None, Body(embed=True)] = None):
    return {"p": p}


class BodyModelOptionalStr(BaseModel):
    p: str | None = None


@app.post("/model-optional-str", operation_id="model_optional_str")
async def read_model_optional_str(p: BodyModelOptionalStr):
    return {"p": p.p}

    status_code, body = _bench_post_json(
        benchmark,
        client,
        "/sync/validated",
        json={"name": "foo", "value": 123},
    )
    assert status_code == 200
    assert body == b'{"name":"foo","value":123,"dep":42}'


def test_sync_return_dict_without_response_model(benchmark, client: TestClient) -> None:

        summary: str | None = None,
        description: str | None = None,
        response_description: str = "Successful Response",
        responses: dict[int | str, dict[str, Any]] | None = None,
        deprecated: bool | None = None,
        methods: list[str] | None = None,
        operation_id: str | None = None,
        response_model_include: IncEx | None = None,

def get_current_user(oauth_header: str | None = Security(reusable_oauth2)):
    if oauth_header is None:
        return None
    user = User(username=oauth_header)
    return user


@app.post("/login")
def login(form_data: OAuth2PasswordRequestFormStrict = Depends()):
    return form_data


@app.get("/users/me")
def read_users_me(current_user: User | None = Depends(get_current_user)):
    if current_user is None:

class Token(BaseModel):
    access_token: str
    token_type: str


class TokenData(BaseModel):
    username: str | None = None
    scopes: list[str] = []


class User(BaseModel):
    username: str
    email: str | None = None
    full_name: str | None = None
    disabled: bool | None = None


class UserInDB(User):
    hashed_password: str


password_hash = PasswordHash.recommended()

Раніше ми мали таку анотацію типу:

```Python
q: str | None = None
```

Тепер ми загорнемо її у `Annotated`, і отримаємо:

```Python
q: Annotated[str | None] = None
```

Обидві ці версії означають одне й те саме: `q` — це параметр, який може бути `str` або `None`, і за замовчуванням має значення `None`.

А тепер переходимо до цікавого! 🎉

        *,
        body: Any = None,
        endpoint_ctx: EndpointContext | None = None,
    ) -> None:
        super().__init__(errors, endpoint_ctx=endpoint_ctx)
        self.body = body


class WebSocketRequestValidationError(ValidationException):
    def __init__(
        self,
        errors: Sequence[Any],
        *,
        endpoint_ctx: EndpointContext | None = None,
    ) -> None:

# =====================================================================================
# Without aliases


@app.get("/optional-str")
async def read_optional_str(p: str | None = None):
    return {"p": p}


class QueryModelOptionalStr(BaseModel):
    p: str | None = None


@app.get("/model-optional-str")
async def read_model_optional_str(p: Annotated[QueryModelOptionalStr, Query()]):
    return {"p": p.p}