{* ../../docs_src/middleware/tutorial001_py310.py hl[10,12:13] *}

/// tip | Tipp

Hier verwenden wir [`time.perf_counter()`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/time.html#time.perf_counter) anstelle von `time.time()`, da es für diese Anwendungsfälle präziser sein kann. 🤓

///

		}
		if rs != nil {
			t.Errorf("Case %d: Got non-nil rs though err != nil: %v", i, rs)
		}
	}

	invalidRangeSpecs := []string{
		"bytes=5-3",
		"bytes=10-10",
		"bytes=10-",
		"bytes=100-",
		"bytes=-0",
	}
	for i, irs := range invalidRangeSpecs {
		var err1, err2 error
		var rs *HTTPRangeSpec
		var o, l int64
		rs, err1 = parseRequestRangeSpec(irs)

        multimap.putAll("bar", asList(4, 5));
        multimap.putAll("foo", asList(6));
        multimap.putAll("baz", asList(7, 8));
        multimap.putAll("dog", asList(9));
        multimap.putAll("bar", asList(10, 11));
        multimap.putAll("cat", asList(12, 13, 14));
        return multimap.keySet().iterator();
      }

      @Override
      protected void verify(List<String> elements) {

		<la:select property="num" styleId="numSearchOption"
			styleClass="form-control">
			<option value="10">
				<la:message key="labels.search_result_select_num" />
			</option>
			<la:option value="10">10</la:option>
			<la:option value="20">20</la:option>
			<la:option value="30">30</la:option>
			<la:option value="40">40</la:option>
			<la:option value="50">50</la:option>
			<la:option value="100">100</la:option>

		<la:select property="num" styleId="numSearchOption"
			styleClass="form-control">
			<option value="10">
				<la:message key="labels.search_result_select_num" />
			</option>
			<la:option value="10">10</la:option>
			<la:option value="20">20</la:option>
			<la:option value="30">30</la:option>
			<la:option value="40">40</la:option>
			<la:option value="50">50</la:option>
			<la:option value="100">100</la:option>

    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Test safe integer multiplication")
    void testSafeMultiplication() {
        assertEquals(100, InputValidator.safeMultiply(10, 10));
        assertEquals(-100, InputValidator.safeMultiply(10, -10));

        assertThrows(ArithmeticException.class, () -> InputValidator.safeMultiply(Integer.MAX_VALUE, 2));

Потім ми можемо використати `secrets.compare_digest()`, щоб упевнитися, що `credentials.username` дорівнює `"stanleyjobson"`, а `credentials.password` дорівнює `"swordfish"`.

{* ../../docs_src/security/tutorial007_an_py310.py hl[1,12:24] *}

Це було б подібно до:

```Python
if not (credentials.username == "stanleyjobson") or not (credentials.password == "swordfish"):
    # Поверніть якусь помилку
    ...
```

    testReverse(new double[] {1}, 0, 1, new double[] {1});
    testReverse(new double[] {1, 2}, 0, 2, new double[] {2, 1});
    testReverse(new double[] {3, 1, 1}, 0, 2, new double[] {1, 3, 1});
    testReverse(new double[] {3, 1, 1}, 0, 1, new double[] {3, 1, 1});
    testReverse(new double[] {-1, 1, -2, 2}, 1, 3, new double[] {-1, -2, 1, 2});
  }

Luego podemos usar `secrets.compare_digest()` para asegurar que `credentials.username` es `"stanleyjobson"`, y que `credentials.password` es `"swordfish"`.

{* ../../docs_src/security/tutorial007_an_py310.py hl[1,12:24] *}

Esto sería similar a:

```Python
if not (credentials.username == "stanleyjobson") or not (credentials.password == "swordfish"):
    # Devuelve algún error
    ...
```

你可以在任何*路径操作*接收 `request` 之前，添加要与该 `request` 一起运行的代码。

也可以在生成 `response` 之后、返回之前添加代码。

例如，你可以添加一个自定义请求头 `X-Process-Time`，其值为处理请求并生成响应所花费的秒数：

{* ../../docs_src/middleware/tutorial001_py310.py hl[10,12:13] *}

/// tip

这里我们使用 [`time.perf_counter()`](https://docs.python.org/3/library/time.html#time.perf_counter) 而不是 `time.time()`，因为在这类场景中它可能更精确。🤓

///

## 多个中间件的执行顺序 { #multiple-middleware-execution-order }