if (c.isLowSurrogate() || !low.isLowSurrogate()) {
              '?'.code
            } else {
              i++
              0x010000 + (c.code and 0x03ff shl 10 or (low.code and 0x03ff))
            }
          }

          else -> c.code
        }
      i++
    }
    return result
  }

  private val Int.punycodeDigit: Int
    get() =
      when {

 * the order of magnitude of the generated values uniformly at random.
 *
 * @author Louis Wasserman
 */
final class MathBenchmarking {
  static final int ARRAY_SIZE = 0x10000;
  static final int ARRAY_MASK = 0x0ffff;
  static final Random RANDOM_SOURCE = new Random(314159265358979L);
  static final int MAX_EXPONENT = 100;

  /*
   * Duplicated from LongMath.
   * binomial(biggestBinomials[k], k) fits in a long, but not

        advance(n);
        return n;
    }


    public void enc_ndr_small ( int s ) {
        this.buf[ this.index ] = (byte) ( s & 0xFF );
        advance(1);
    }


    public int dec_ndr_small () {
        int val = this.buf[ this.index ] & 0xFF;
        advance(1);
        return val;
    }


    public void enc_ndr_short ( int s ) {
        align(2);

            arr[ai] = HEXCHARS[value & 0xF];
            value >>>= 4;
        }
        return new String(arr);
    }
    private static byte B(int i) { return (byte)(i & 0xFF); }
    private static short S(int i) { return (short)(i & 0xFFFF); }

    public UUID(rpc.uuid_t uuid) {
        time_low = uuid.time_low;
        time_mid = uuid.time_mid;
        time_hi_and_version = uuid.time_hi_and_version;

            value >>>= 4;
        }
        return new String(arr);
    }


    private static byte B ( int i ) {
        return (byte) ( i & 0xFF );
    }


    private static short S ( int i ) {
        return (short) ( i & 0xFFFF );
    }


    /**
     * 
     * @param uuid
     *            wrapped uuid
     */
    public UUID ( rpc.uuid_t uuid ) {

 * Benchmarks for certain methods of {@code UnsignedLongs}.
 *
 * @author Eamonn McManus
 */
public class UnsignedLongsBenchmark {
  private static final int ARRAY_SIZE = 0x10000;
  private static final int ARRAY_MASK = 0x0ffff;
  private static final Random RANDOM_SOURCE = new Random(314159265358979L);
  private static final long[] longs = new long[ARRAY_SIZE];
  private static final long[] divisors = new long[ARRAY_SIZE];

    }


    public int readUnsignedByte () throws IOException {
        return ( readByte() ) & 0xff;
    }


    public long readUnsignedInt () throws IOException {
        return ( readInt() ) & 0xffffffffL;
    }


    public int readUnsignedShort () throws IOException {
        return ( readShort() ) & 0xffff;
    }


    public Date readFiletime () throws IOException {
        Date date = null;

  static int load32(byte[] source, int offset) {
    // TODO(user): Measure the benefit of delegating this to LittleEndianBytes also.
    return (source[offset] & 0xFF)
        | ((source[offset + 1] & 0xFF) << 8)
        | ((source[offset + 2] & 0xFF) << 16)
        | ((source[offset + 3] & 0xFF) << 24);
  }

  /**
   * Indicates that the loading of Unsafe was successful and the load and store operations will be

    frameLength = (b1 and B1_MASK_LENGTH).toLong()
    if (frameLength == PAYLOAD_SHORT.toLong()) {
      frameLength = (source.readShort() and 0xffff).toLong() // Value is unsigned.
    } else if (frameLength == PAYLOAD_LONG.toLong()) {
      frameLength = source.readLong()
      if (frameLength < 0L) {
        throw ProtocolException(

   */
  internal const val PAYLOAD_SHORT = 126

  /** Maximum length of a frame payload to be denoted as [PAYLOAD_SHORT]. */
  internal const val PAYLOAD_SHORT_MAX = 0xffffL

  /**
   * Value for [B1_MASK_LENGTH] which indicates the next eight bytes are the unsigned
   * length.
   */
  internal const val PAYLOAD_LONG = 127