Si quieres recibir actualizaciones parciales, es muy útil usar el parámetro `exclude_unset` en el `.model_dump()` del modelo de Pydantic.

Como `item.model_dump(exclude_unset=True)`.

/// info | Información

En Pydantic v1 el método se llamaba `.dict()`, fue deprecado (pero aún soportado) en Pydantic v2, y renombrado a `.model_dump()`.

导入你想要使用的 `Response` 类（子类）然后在 *路径操作装饰器* 中声明它。

{* ../../docs_src/custom_response/tutorial001b.py hl[2,7] *}

/// info | 提示

参数 `response_class` 也会用来定义响应的「媒体类型」。

在这个例子中，HTTP 头的 `Content-Type` 会被设置成 `application/json`。

并且在 OpenAPI 文档中也会这样记录。

///

/// tip | 小贴士

`ORJSONResponse` 目前只在 FastAPI 中可用，而在 Starlette 中不可用。

                logger.info("Closing index: {}", docIndex);
                searchEngineClient.admin()
                        .indices()
                        .prepareOpen(docIndex)
                        .execute(ActionListener.wrap(res2 -> logger.info("Opened index: {}", docIndex),

client = TestClient(app)


def test_openapi_schema():
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {
        "openapi": "3.1.0",
        "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
        "paths": {
            "/a/{id}": {
                "get": {
                    "responses": {
                        "422": {

    }


def test_openapi_schema():
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {
        "openapi": "3.1.0",
        "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
        "paths": {
            "/unicorns/{name}": {
                "get": {
                    "responses": {
                        "200": {

def test_openapi_schema(client: TestClient):
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {
        "openapi": "3.1.0",
        "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
        "paths": {
            "/items/": {
                "get": {
                    "responses": {
                        "200": {

def test_openapi_schema():
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {
        "openapi": "3.1.0",
        "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
        "paths": {
            "/users/me": {
                "get": {
                    "responses": {
                        "200": {

def test_openapi_schema():
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {
        "openapi": "3.1.0",
        "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
        "paths": {
            "/users/me": {
                "get": {
                    "responses": {
                        "200": {

# For release jobs, we will pin these on the release branch
keras-nightly ~= 3.10.0.dev
tb-nightly ~= 2.20.0.a
# For new protobuf, if V.x.y is gencode version, then runtime version U must be
# V <= U <= V+1
# More info at https://protobuf.dev/support/cross-version-runtime-guarantee/
protobuf >= 5.28.0, < 7.0
# Test dependencies
grpcio >= 1.68.1, < 2.0
portpicker == 1.6.0

Con él, puedes usar <a href="https://docs.pytest.org/" class="external-link" target="_blank">pytest</a> directamente con **FastAPI**.

## Usando `TestClient` { #using-testclient }

/// info | Información

Para usar `TestClient`, primero instala <a href="https://www.python-httpx.org" class="external-link" target="_blank">`httpx`</a>.