# Python Types Intro { #python-types-intro }

Python has support for optional "type hints" (also called "type annotations").

These **"type hints"** or annotations are a special syntax that allow declaring the <abbr title="for example: str, int, float, bool">type</abbr> of a variable.

By declaring types for your variables, editors and tools can give you better support.

        verify(mockRequest, times(1)).getCreditCost(); // Verify method was called once
    }

    @Test
    void testSetRequestCredits() {
        // Test case for setRequestCredits method
        int credits = 5;
        mockRequest.setRequestCredits(credits);

        // Verify that setRequestCredits was called with the correct argument
        verify(mockRequest, times(1)).setRequestCredits(credits);
    }

The main purpose of the `__name__ == "__main__"` is to have some code that is executed when your file is called with:

<div class="termy">

```console
$ python myapp.py
```

</div>

but is not called when another file imports it, like in:

```Python
from myapp import app
```

#### More details { #more-details }

Let's say your file is named `myapp.py`.

If you run it with:

<div class="termy">

func TestNewObjectLayer(t *testing.T) {
	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(t.Context())
	defer cancel()
	// Tests for ErasureSD object layer.
	nDisks := 1
	disks, err := getRandomDisks(nDisks)
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal("Failed to create drives for the backend")
	}
	defer removeRoots(disks)

	obj, err := newObjectLayer(ctx, mustGetPoolEndpoints(0, disks...))
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatal("Unexpected object layer initialization error", err)
	}

export MC_HOST_myminio1="http://minio123:minio123@localhost:9000/"

mc cp /etc/issue myminio1/test-bucket
ret=$?
if [ $ret -ne 0 ]; then
	echo "BUG: PutObject to bucket: test-bucket should succeed. Failed"
	exit 1
fi

mc cp /etc/issue myminio1/multi-key-poc | grep -q "Insufficient permissions to access this path"
ret=$?
if [ $ret -eq 0 ]; then

}

# createSvcacct ($user)
createSvcacct () {
  USER=$1
  FILENAME=$2
  #check accessKey_and_secretKey_tmp file
  if [[ ! -f $MINIO_ACCESSKEY_SECRETKEY_TMP ]];then
    echo "credentials file does not exist"
    return 1
  fi
  if [[ $(cat $MINIO_ACCESSKEY_SECRETKEY_TMP|wc -l) -ne 2 ]];then
    echo "credentials file is invalid"
    rm -f $MINIO_ACCESSKEY_SECRETKEY_TMP
    return 1
  fi

		t.Run(tc.str, func(t *testing.T) {
			jp := JSONPath{}
			err := p.ParseString(tc.str, &jp)
			// fmt.Println(jp)
			if err != nil {
				t.Fatalf("parse failed!: %d %v %s", i, err, tc)
			}

			// Read only the first json object from the file
			recs, err := getJSONStructs(b)
			if err != nil || len(recs) != 3 {
				t.Fatalf("%v or length was not 3", err)
			}

			for j, rec := range recs {

  return $?
}

# createUser ($policy)
createUser() {
  POLICY=$1
  #check accessKey_and_secretKey_tmp file
  if [[ ! -f $MINIO_ACCESSKEY_SECRETKEY_TMP ]];then
    echo "credentials file does not exist"
    return 1
  fi
  if [[ $(cat $MINIO_ACCESSKEY_SECRETKEY_TMP|wc -l) -ne 2 ]];then
    echo "credentials file is invalid"
    rm -f $MINIO_ACCESSKEY_SECRETKEY_TMP
    return 1
  fi

                if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
                    logger.debug("container was destroyed.");
                }
                return;
            }
            logger.warn("Failed to store failure url: url={}", urlQueue.getUrl(), e);
        }

        if (cae.isDebugEnabled()) {
            logger.debug("[{}] Crawling Access Exception: url={}", failureUrlId, urlQueue.getUrl(), cae);

        }
      } catch (e: SocketException) {
        logger.info("$threadName done accepting connections: ${e.message}")
      } catch (e: IOException) {
        logger.log(Level.WARNING, "$threadName failed unexpectedly", e)
      } finally {
        for (socket in openSockets) {
          socket.closeQuietly()
        }
        Thread.currentThread().name = "SocksProxy"
      }
    }
  }