**作用域**只是不带空格的字符串。

常用于声明指定安全权限，例如：

* 常见用例为，`users:read` 或 `users:write`
* 脸书和 Instagram 使用 `instagram_basic`
* 谷歌使用 `https://www.googleapis.com/auth/drive`

/// info | 说明

OAuth2 中，**作用域**只是声明指定权限的字符串。

是否使用冒号 `:` 等符号，或是不是 URL 并不重要。

这些细节只是特定的实现方式。

对 OAuth2 来说，都只是字符串而已。

///

## 获取 `username` 和 `password` 的代码

接下来，使用 **FastAPI** 工具获取用户名与密码。

Directory for DBFlute client

manage.bat(sh) => 21 (jdbc):
A execution command of JDBC task
which gets your schema info and saves it to SchemaXML
located to the "schema" directory.
This task should be executed after ReplaceSchema task
and before other tasks(e.g. Generate, Document task).

manage.bat(sh) => 22 (doc):
A execution command of Document task
which creates documents, for example, SchemaHTML, HistoryHTML
to the "output/doc" directory.

 * addresses, and lengths for direct memory access operations.
 */
public class RdmaChannelInfo {

    private final Smb2RdmaTransform transform;

    /**
     * Create new RDMA channel info
     *
     * @param remoteKey remote memory key for RDMA access (token)
     * @param address remote memory address (offset)
     * @param length length of the memory region
     */

def test_openapi_schema(client: TestClient):
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {
        "openapi": "3.1.0",
        "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
        "paths": {
            "/items/": {
                "get": {
                    "responses": {
                        "200": {

# 请求表单与文件

FastAPI 支持同时使用 `File` 和 `Form` 定义文件和表单字段。

/// info | 说明

接收上传文件或表单数据，要预先安装 <a href="https://github.com/Kludex/python-multipart" class="external-link" target="_blank">`python-multipart`</a>。

例如，`pip install python-multipart`。

///

## 导入 `File` 与 `Form`

{* ../../docs_src/request_forms_and_files/tutorial001.py hl[1] *}

## 定义 `File` 与 `Form` 参数

创建文件和表单参数的方式与 `Body` 和 `Query` 一样：

def test_openapi_schema():
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {
        "openapi": "3.1.0",
        "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
        "paths": {
            "/a": {
                "get": {
                    "responses": {
                        "500": {

def test_openapi_schema():
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {
        "openapi": "3.1.0",
        "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
        "paths": {
            "/items/": {
                "get": {
                    "responses": {
                        "200": {

def test_openapi_schema():
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
    assert response.status_code == 200
    assert response.json() == snapshot(
        {
            "openapi": "3.1.0",
            "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
            "servers": [
                {
                    "url": "https://stag.example.com",
                    "description": "Staging environment",
                },

def test_openapi():
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
    assert response.status_code == 200
    assert response.json() == {
        "openapi": "3.1.0",
        "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
        "paths": {
            "/app": {
                "get": {
                    "summary": "Read Main",
                    "operationId": "read_main_app_get",

    "price": 50.2
}
```

/// info | Informação

No Pydantic v1, o método era chamado `.dict()`, ele foi descontinuado (mas ainda suportado) no Pydantic v2 e renomeado para `.model_dump()`.

Os exemplos aqui usam `.dict()` para compatibilidade com Pydantic v1, mas você deve usar `.model_dump()` em vez disso se puder usar Pydantic v2.

///

/// info | Informação