* If you are comparing FastAPI, compare it against a web application framework (or set of tools) that provides data validation, serialization and documentation, like Flask-apispec, NestJS, Molten, etc. Frameworks with integrated automatic data validation, serialization and documentation....

import (
	"context"
	"flag"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"log"
	"net/url"
	"os"
	"time"

	"github.com/minio/minio-go/v7"
	cr "github.com/minio/minio-go/v7/pkg/credentials"
)

var (
	// LDAP integrated Minio endpoint
	stsEndpoint string

	// LDAP credentials
	ldapUsername string
	ldapPassword string

	// Display credentials flag
	displayCreds bool

	// Credential expiry duration

コードから直接Uvicornサーバーを実行しているため、デバッガーから直接Pythonプログラム (FastAPIアプリケーション) を呼び出せます。

---

例えば、Visual Studio Codeでは、次のことが可能です:

* 「デバッグ」パネルに移動。
* 「構成の追加...」
* 「Python」を選択。
* オプション「`Python: Current File (Integrated Terminal)`」を指定してデバッガーを実行。

すると、**FastAPI** コードでサーバーが起動され、ブレークポイントで停止したりするでしょう。

以下の様な画面になります:

<img src="/img/tutorial/debugging/image01.png">

---

Pycharmを使用する場合、次のことが可能です:

import com.google.errorprone.annotations.DoNotMock;
import java.io.InvalidObjectException;
import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.function.BinaryOperator;
import java.util.function.Function;
import java.util.stream.Collector;
import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;

/**

 * When multiple extractors are associated with a single key, they are sorted by weight
 * in descending order. The {@link #getExtractor(String)} method returns a composite
 * extractor that iterates through the available extractors until one successfully
 * extracts the data.
 * </p>
 *
 * <p>
 * The class uses a {@link CrawlerContainer} for managing crawler components and

        continue
      }

      // Search for the certificate in the chain that signed this certificate. This is typically
      // the next element in the chain, but it could be any element.
      val i = queue.iterator()
      while (i.hasNext()) {
        val signingCert = i.next() as X509Certificate
        if (verifySignature(toVerify, signingCert, result.size - 1)) {
          i.remove()
          result.add(signingCert)

```

`app.add_middleware()` принимает класс middleware в качестве первого аргумента и любые дополнительные аргументы, которые будут переданы этому middleware.

## Встроенные middleware { #integrated-middlewares }

**FastAPI** включает несколько middleware для распространённых сценариев. Ниже рассмотрим, как их использовать.

/// note | Технические детали

                assertTrue(urlQueue.getUrl().startsWith(url2));
            }

            dataService.iterate(sessionId1, accessResult -> {
                assertTrue(accessResult.getUrl().startsWith(url1));
                assertEquals(Constants.GET_METHOD, accessResult.getMethod());
            });
            dataService.iterate(sessionId2, accessResult -> {
                assertTrue(accessResult.getUrl().startsWith(url2));

/**
 * Helper class for managing duplicate host configurations in the Fess search system.
 * This class handles URL conversion based on duplicate host rules, allowing multiple
 * hostnames or URLs to be treated as equivalent for crawling and indexing purposes.
 * It maintains a list of DuplicateHost rules and applies them to URLs.
 *
 */
public class DuplicateHostHelper {

        "java.lang.Number" to "kotlin.Number",
        "java.lang.Throwable" to "kotlin.Throwable",
        // Collections
        "java.lang.Iterable" to "kotlin.collections.Iterable",
        "java.util.Iterator" to "kotlin.collections.Iterator",
        "java.util.ListIterator" to "kotlin.collections.ListIterator",
        "java.util.Collection" to "kotlin.collections.Collection",
        "java.util.List" to "kotlin.collections.List",