int len = cmd.writeParametersWireFormat(buffer, 0);
        assertTrue(len >= 2);
        // writeInt2 writes in little-endian format (LSB first)
        assertEquals(0xAB, buffer[0] & 0xFF);
        assertEquals(0x12, buffer[1] & 0xFF);
        // Check that the path is written after the referral level
        // The path should be written starting at index 2
        // writeString adds null terminator

    }

    static int readULong(final byte[] src, final int index) {
        return src[index] & 0xff | (src[index + 1] & 0xff) << 8 | (src[index + 2] & 0xff) << 16 | (src[index + 3] & 0xff) << 24;
    }

    static int readUShort(final byte[] src, final int index) {
        return src[index] & 0xff | (src[index + 1] & 0xff) << 8;
    }

    static byte[] readSecurityBuffer(final byte[] src, final int index) {

                assertTrue(flag >= 0x00 && flag <= 0xFF,
                        String.format("Fragment flag 0x%02X should be in valid byte range 0x00-0xFF", flag));
            }
        }

        @Test
        @DisplayName("RPC packet flags should be within byte range")
        void testRpcPacketFlagsRange() {
            // Verify that RPC packet flags are within byte range (0x00-0xFF)

    void testWriteAndXWireFormatWithoutAndx() {
        DummyAndXBlock block = new DummyAndXBlock();
        byte[] buf = new byte[128];
        int n = block.writeAndXWireFormat(buf, 0);

        assertTrue(n > 0);
        // Common AndX header: command at +1, reserved at +2, offset at +3/+4

    assertThat(converter.convert("0")).isEqualTo(0);
    assertThat(converter.convert("-1")).isEqualTo(-1);
    assertThat(converter.convert("0xff")).isEqualTo(255);
    assertThat(converter.convert("0xFF")).isEqualTo(255);
    assertThat(converter.convert("-0xFF")).isEqualTo(-255);
    assertThat(converter.convert("#0000FF")).isEqualTo(255);
    assertThat(converter.convert("0666")).isEqualTo(438);
  }

                Arguments.of(new byte[] { (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00, (byte) 0x00 }, "AAAA"), // all zeros
                Arguments.of(new byte[] { (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff, (byte) 0xff }, "////")) // all 0xFF bytes
        ;
    }

    @ParameterizedTest(name = "encode({1}) -> {2}")
    @MethodSource("encodeProvider")
    void testEncode(byte[] input, String expected) {
        // Arrange & Act

    int readRDataWireFormat(final byte[] src, int srcIndex) {
        final int start = srcIndex;
        this.numberOfNames = src[srcIndex] & 0xFF;
        final int namesLength = this.numberOfNames * 18;
        final int statsLength = this.rDataLength - namesLength - 1;
        this.numberOfNames = src[srcIndex] & 0xFF;
        srcIndex++;
        // gotta read the mac first so we can populate addressArray with it

    static int readInt2(final byte[] src, final int srcIndex) {
        return (src[srcIndex] & 0xFF) + ((src[srcIndex + 1] & 0xFF) << 8);
    }

    static int readInt4(final byte[] src, final int srcIndex) {
        return (src[srcIndex] & 0xFF) + ((src[srcIndex + 1] & 0xFF) << 8) + ((src[srcIndex + 2] & 0xFF) << 16)
                + ((src[srcIndex + 3] & 0xFF) << 24);
    }

    static long readInt8(final byte[] src, final int srcIndex) {

            tmp[i] = (byte) ((src[srcIndex + 2 * i + 1] & 0xFF) - 0x41 << 4);
            tmp[i] |= (byte) ((src[srcIndex + 2 * i + 2] & 0xFF) - 0x41 & 0x0F);
            if (tmp[i] != (byte) ' ') {
                length = i + 1;
            }
        }
        this.name = Strings.fromOEMBytes(tmp, 0, length, this.config);
        this.hexCode = (src[srcIndex + TYPE_OFFSET] & 0xFF) - 0x41 << 4;

        final byte tmp[] = new byte[SCOPE_OFFSET];
        int length = 15;
        for (int i = 0; i < 15; i++) {
            tmp[i] = (byte) ((src[srcIndex + 2 * i + 1] & 0xFF) - 0x41 << 4);
            tmp[i] |= (byte) ((src[srcIndex + 2 * i + 2] & 0xFF) - 0x41 & 0x0F);
            if (tmp[i] != (byte) ' ') {
                length = i + 1;
            }
        }
        try {